Earthworm toxicogenomics: A renewed genome-wide quest for novel biomarkers and mechanistic insights

Gong, Ping; Perkins, Edward J.

doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2015.11.005

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…A primary goal of toxicogenomics research is to identify novel biomarkers and elucidate mode of toxicological action. Findings from our previous earthworm toxicogenomics studies indicate that TNT mainly acts as a reactive oxidative stressor affecting a variety of biological processes such as muscle contraction, fibrinolysis and coagulation, iron homeostasis, and innate immunity [ 47 , 48 ]. Our further functional assays confirmed chitinase activity and methemoglobinemia-like blood disorder as specific biomarkers in TNT-exposed earthworms [ 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative toxicogenomics of three insensitive munitions constituents 2,4-dinitroanisole, nitroguanidine and nitrotriazolone in the soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

et al. 2018

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BackgroundEcotoxicological studies on the insensitive munitions formulation IMX-101 and its components 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN), nitroguanidine (NQ) and nitrotriazolone (NTO) in various organisms showed that DNAN was the main contributor to the overall toxicity of IMX-101 and suggested that the three compounds acted independently. These results motivated this toxicogenomics study to discern toxicological mechanisms for these compounds at the molecular level.MethodsHere we used the soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, a well-characterized genomics model, as the test organism and a species-specific, transcriptome-wide 44 K-oligo probe microarray for gene expression analysis. In addition to the control treatment, C. elegans were exposed for 24 h to 6 concentrations of DNAN (1.95–62.5 ppm) or NQ (83–2667 ppm) or 5 concentrations of NTO (187–3000 ppm) with ten replicates per treatment. The nematodes were transferred to a clean environment after exposure. Reproduction endpoints (egg and larvae counts) were measured at three time points (i.e., 24-, 48- and 72-h). Gene expression profiling was performed immediately after 24-h exposure to each chemical at the lowest, medium and highest concentrations plus the control with four replicates per treatment.ResultsStatistical analyses indicated that chemical treatment did not significantly affect nematode reproduction but did induce 2175, 378, and 118 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in NQ-, DNAN-, and NTO-treated nematodes, respectively. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that the three compounds shared both DEGs and DEG-mapped Reactome pathways. Gene set enrichment analysis further demonstrated that DNAN and NTO significantly altered 12 and 6 KEGG pathways, separately, with three pathways in common. NTO mainly affected carbohydrate, amino acid and xenobiotics metabolism while DNAN disrupted protein processing, ABC transporters and several signal transduction pathways. NQ-induced DEGs were mapped to a wide variety of metabolism, cell cycle, immune system and extracellular matrix organization pathways.ConclusionDespite the absence of significant effects on apical reproduction endpoints, DNAN, NTO and NQ caused significant alterations in gene expression and pathways at 1.95 ppm, 187 ppm and 83 ppm, respectively. This study provided supporting evidence that the three chemicals may exert independent toxicity by acting on distinct molecular targets and pathways.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12918-018-0636-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative toxicogenomics of three insensitive munitions constituents 2,4-dinitroanisole, nitroguanidine and nitrotriazolone in the soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

et al. 2018

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“…This technique quickly and quantitatively measures changes in a range of metabolites such as sugars and amino acids in response to an external stressor . Such an investigation is also reproducible across different laboratories and because it is a nontargeted technique, it can provide insights into organism responses to an external stressor . By analyzing the changes in metabolite levels, this technique can assist in identifying molecular endpoints (metabolites) of a stressor and in delineating the toxic mode of action associated with contaminants .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of earthworm sublethal toxic responses to atrazine exposure using ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)‐based metabolomics

Dani

Simpson

2017

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Atrazine toxicity to earthworms is still not fully understood, particularly at sublethal concentrations. Because of the ubiquity of atrazine in the environment, it is imperative to understand the impacts of atrazine presence to soil-dwelling organisms. To examine this in detail, we used H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics to elucidate earthworm (Eisenia fetida) responses after 48 h of atrazine exposure in contact tests. Earthworms were exposed to 4 sublethal concentrations of 362.4, 181.2, 90.6, and 45.3 ng/cm , which correspond to 1/8th, 1/16th, 1/32nd, and 1/64th of the median lethal concentration (LC50) values, respectively. After exposure, polar metabolites were isolated from earthworm tissues and analyzed using H NMR spectroscopy. Sublethal atrazine exposure induced a nonmonotonic response with respect to exposure concentration and caused an overall suppression in earthworm metabolism. Maltose, fumarate, malate, threonine/lactate, adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP), betaine, scyllo-inositol, glutamate, arginine, and glutamine were the metabolites identified as most sensitive to atrazine exposure. These observed fluctuations in the metabolic profile suggest that atrazine reduced ATP synthesis and negatively impacted the health of earthworms after acute sublethal exposure. Our study also demonstrates the utility of NMR-based metabolomics for the basic assessment of sublethal toxicity, which can then be used for more targeted approaches with other molecular techniques. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:473-480. © 2017 SETAC.

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“…Earthworms are sentinel species. Effects on their microbiomes could be considered as bioindicators for contamination of soil ecosystems [ 44 ] which could inform human health risks associated to the presence of pesticides on public sites [ 38 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of a glyphosate-based herbicide on the gut microbiome of three earthworm species (Alma millsoni, Eudrilus eugeniae and Libyodrilus violaceus): A pilot study

et al. 2021

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Earthworm toxicogenomics: A renewed genome-wide quest for novel biomarkers and mechanistic insights

Cited by 24 publications

References 106 publications

Comparative toxicogenomics of three insensitive munitions constituents 2,4-dinitroanisole, nitroguanidine and nitrotriazolone in the soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Comparative toxicogenomics of three insensitive munitions constituents 2,4-dinitroanisole, nitroguanidine and nitrotriazolone in the soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Analysis of earthworm sublethal toxic responses to atrazine exposure using ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)‐based metabolomics

Impacts of a glyphosate-based herbicide on the gut microbiome of three earthworm species (Alma millsoni, Eudrilus eugeniae and Libyodrilus violaceus): A pilot study

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Earthworm toxicogenomics: A renewed genome-wide quest for novel biomarkers and mechanistic insights

Cited by 24 publications

References 106 publications

Comparative toxicogenomics of three insensitive munitions constituents 2,4-dinitroanisole, nitroguanidine and nitrotriazolone in the soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Comparative toxicogenomics of three insensitive munitions constituents 2,4-dinitroanisole, nitroguanidine and nitrotriazolone in the soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Analysis of earthworm sublethal toxic responses to atrazine exposure using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)‐based metabolomics

Impacts of a glyphosate-based herbicide on the gut microbiome of three earthworm species (Alma millsoni, Eudrilus eugeniae and Libyodrilus violaceus): A pilot study

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Analysis of earthworm sublethal toxic responses to atrazine exposure using ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)‐based metabolomics