Response of a Maize Synthetic to Recurrent Selection for Stalk Quality¹

Abstract

Recurrent selection, based on S1 lines in replicated experiments, was used in separate trials for three cycles to improve the maize (Zea mays L.) synthetic BS1 for resistance to artificial stalk rot (Diplodia maydis) and resistance to mechanical stalk breakage. The cycle populations (BS1 and C1 to C3 for BS1SR and BS1MS for stalk‐rot and stalk‐strength selection, respectively), populations crossed to a low‐stalk‐quality single cross, and crosses of populations between each procedure of selection were evaluated for stalk and rind strength, Diplodia stalk rot, field stalk rot, and field stalk and root lodging. Random S1 lines from BS1 and C3 populations of BS1SR and BS1MS were evaluated for Diplodia stalk rot and stalk and rind strength. Highly significant improvements were observed for all stalk‐quality traits. Changes from the CO to BS1MSC3 and BSISRC3, respectively, were as follows: stalk strength, 34.8 to 56.5 and 46.7 kg; Diplodia stalk‐rot rating, 3.5 to 1.8 and 1.7; rind strength, 3.4 to 4.2 and 4.3 kg; field stalk‐rotted plants, 25 to 5 and 8%; and field stalk‐lodged plants, 13 to 6 and 3%. Improvements in population crosses, population testcrosses, and random S1 lines closely paralleled the improvements in the populations per se, indicating that stalk quality is controlled primarily by additive type gene action. Highly significant correlations were observed among all stalk‐quality traits. Recurrent selection for rind strength and stalk‐rot resistance, simultaneously, may be the most desirable method of improving populations for development of inbred lines with superior field stalk quality.

Inoculação artificial de colmos de milho em diferentes idades e concentrações de inóculo e sua relação com a expressão da resistência a fusarium moniliforme

“…A inoculação para avaliação da podridão do colmo passou a ser amplamente utilizada em programas de melhoramento de milho (Hooker, 1957), principalmente no estudo da herança da resistência (BeMiller & Pappelis, 1965;Kappelman & Thompson, 1966;Pappelis, 1970;Martin & Russell, 1984a;Martin & Russell, 1984b;Kang et al, 1986;Munkvold & Carlton, 1997). Existe uma correlação positiva entre os dados obti ¶dos pela inoculação de colmos de milho e os obtidos pela infecção natural dos mesmos (Pappelis, 1970).…”

Corn Stalk Lodging: A Forensic Engineering Approach Provides Insights into Failure Patterns and Mechanisms

“…Since then, many approaches to stalk lodging have been explored. Some of these have included bending tests, rind penetration, and anatomical measurements (Davis and Crane, 1976; Martin and Russell, 1984; Zuber et al, 1980). However, the genetic relationships for these methods have proven to be weak to moderate (Flint‐Garcia et al, 2003a,b,c; Peiffer et al, 2013; Hu et al, 2013).…”

Lodging‐Related Stalk Characteristics of Maize Varieties in China since the 1950s

“…have suggested correlations between other morphological traits (e.g., stalk diameter, length of the lower internodes, and number of internodes above the ear) and stalk lodging (Pickett et al, 1969;Martin and Russell, 1984a;Fu et al, 2011). However, Helms and Compton (1984), Martin and Russell (1984b), and Dudley (1994) found that stalk lodging resistance in maize cultivars was only marginally related to the indicators of plant and ear height, the number and length of internodes by recurrent selection for rind strength, and stalk rot resistance.…”