Respiratory Diseases of Rodents and Rabbits

Langan, George; Lohmiller, Jeffrey J.; Swing, Sonya P.; Wardrip, Craig L.

doi:10.1016/s0195-5616(00)06009-5

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Infectious upper respiratory tract disease, more generally called ''snuffles'', is considered to be one of the most common diseases observed in rabbits (Langan et al, 2000). Clinical signs include nasal discharge and sneezing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Tunisian traditional rabbit breeding system versus the commercial system: an epidemiological perspective

Belli¹,

Fontana²,

Sommariva³

et al. 2010

World rabbit sci.

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Rabbit breeding is practiced in many hot climate countries and contributes in terms of agricultural activities to rural development. In Tunisia two different rabbit breeding systems can be identified -the "traditional" (an integrated free range and underground system) and the "commercial" (employing sheds and wire net cages) practice. 24 Tunisian rabbitries (10 traditional and 14 commercial) were included in an epidemiological study aimed at comparing the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria responsible for upper respiratory and digestive diseases in the two breeding systems. A total of 128 adult rabbits (mean age of 9.4 months) were tested using deep nasal and rectal swabs. Symptoms of nasal discharge and/or diarrhea were recorded. 281 bacterial strains were isolated in total, 138 in commercial and 143 in traditional farms. The bacteria most frequently isolated (61.2%) were Gram-positive strains, which included Streptococcus sp. (22.8%), coagulase negative Staphylococcus sp. (17.8%) and coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (17.4%) strains. Among the Gram-negative isolated bacteria, Escherichia coli was the most frequent (12.5%), followed by Proteus sp. (5.7%). The two Salmonella strains isolated were Salmonella bongori (found in the commercial system), and Salmonella typhimurium definitive phage-type (DT) 104 (found in the traditional farming system). The absence of Pasteurella multocida in the list of isolated bacteria may be directly correlated to the method of conserving the samples (storage at freezing temperature). The coagulase-positive Staphylococcus strains were frequently isolated (73.5%) from healthy rabbits, but seldom from rabbits with rhinitis (18.4%) or diarrhea (8.2%). Staphylococcus aureus strains were recovered at a higher rate in commercial farms (21%) in comparison with traditional (11.9%) farms. However, this difference was not statistically significant. Four Staphylococcus aureus strains, all belonging to commercial farms, proved positive when tested for enterotoxin production. The antimicrobial susceptibility of isolated Staphylococcus aureus strains was also investigated. Most of the antibiotics tested were very effective: the highest level of susceptibility was observed with enrofloxacin (100%). The low performance of Tunisian traditional rabbit rearing has been linked to the high mortality rate, which may possibly be due to the increased presence of pathogens at the rabbit flock level. However, this was not confirmed by the results of our study due to the fact that the bacterial contamination seems to be comparable in both the traditional and the commercial breeding systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinical signs include nasal discharge and sneezing. The agent most commonly implicated in these symptoms is Pasteurella multocida (Langan et al, 2000, Rougier et al, 2006. However, other pathogens are also cited, such as Bordetella bronchiseptica and Staphylococcus sp., although apparently this is not an exhaustive list.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Tunisian traditional rabbit breeding system versus the commercial system: an epidemiological perspective

Belli¹,

Fontana²,

Sommariva³

et al. 2010

World rabbit sci.

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“…multocida is a gram-negative rod with bipolar staining that affects cattle (Frank, 1989), pigs (Blackall et al, 2000), rabbits (Langan et al, 2000), and humans (Weber et al, 1984), in addition to fowl (Christensen et al, 2008). P. multocida includes capsulated and noncapsulated types, with the former being more virulent than the latter (Boyce and Adler, 2000;Chung et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An outbreak of chronic fowl cholera in broiler breeder chickens in Korea

Kim¹,

Yoon²,

Cho³

et al. 2011

Korean Journal of Veterinary Service

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Fowl cholera is a contagious acute and chronic disease caused by Pasteurella multocida in both domesticated and wild birds. Acute fowl cholera in both chickens and wild birds has recently been documented in Korea, but the chronic form has not been reported in Korea until now. This study describes the first outbreak of chronic fowl cholera in 13-week-old Arbor Acre broiler breeder chickens submitted to the College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University in April 2006. The clinical signs of the affected flock of 9,621 chickens were lameness caused by swollen hock joints, diarrhea, ruffled feathers, and an average weekly mortality of 1.0%. At necropsy, purulent or caseous exudates were found in the hock and wing joints, humerus, and eyes, and severe pneumonia and pericarditis were discovered. Eleven bacterial isolates obtained from the liver, joint, infraorbital sinus and sternal bursa of the submitted chickens were all identified as Pasteurella multocida based on their physiological and biochemical characteristics. Five isolates were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility against 21 different antimicrobial agents including ampicillin. All were resistant to kanamycin, neomycin, and streptomycin, and some were resistant to gentamicin. The tested isolates were all susceptible to the other 17 antimicrobial agents. All 11 isolates were capsular serogroup A based on multiplex polymerase chain reaction. In addition, two of five isolates used in the antimicrobial susceptibility test were identified as somatic serotype 1 by an agar gel diffusion precipitin test, while the others were non-typable.

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“…Infectious upper respiratory disease, more generally called ‘snuffles’, is considered the most common disease observed in pet rabbits (Langan et al. , 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, other pathogens are cited, such as Staphylococcus spp. and Bordetella bronchiseptica , although apparently this is by no means an exhaustive list (Langan et al. , 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence ofPasteurella multocidainfection on the pharmacokinetic behavior of marbofloxacin after intravenous and intramuscular administrations in rabbits

Abo‐EL‐Sooud

Goudah

2010

Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics

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The pharmacokinetic behavior of marbofloxacin was studied in healthy (n = 12) and Pasteurella multocida infected rabbits (n = 12) after single intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administrations. Six rabbits in each group (control and diseased) were given a single dose of 2 mg/kg body weight (bw) of marbofloxacin intravenously. The other six rabbits in each group were given the same dose of the drug intramuscularly. The concentration of marbofloxacin in plasma was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. The plasma concentrations were higher in diseased rabbits than in healthy rabbits following both routes of injections. Following i.v. administration, the values of the elimination half-life (t(1/2beta)), and area under the curve were significantly higher, whereas total body clearance was significantly lower in diseased rabbits. After i.m. administration, the elimination half-life (t(1/2el)), mean residence time, and maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) were higher in diseased rabbits (5.33 h, 7.35 h and 2.24 microg/mL) than in healthy rabbits (4.33 h, 6.81 h and 1.81 microg/mL, respectively). Marbofloxacin was bound to the extent of 26 +/- 1.3% and 23 +/- 1.6% to plasma protein of healthy and diseased rabbits, respectively. The C(max)/MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and AUC/MIC ratios were significantly higher in diseased rabbits (28 and 189 h) than in healthy rabbits (23 and 157 h), indicating the favorable pharmacodynamic characteristics of the drug in diseased rabbits.

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Respiratory Diseases of Rodents and Rabbits

Cited by 26 publications

References 33 publications

The Tunisian traditional rabbit breeding system versus the commercial system: an epidemiological perspective

The Tunisian traditional rabbit breeding system versus the commercial system: an epidemiological perspective

An outbreak of chronic fowl cholera in broiler breeder chickens in Korea

Influence ofPasteurella multocidainfection on the pharmacokinetic behavior of marbofloxacin after intravenous and intramuscular administrations in rabbits

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