Respiratory Cryptosporidiosis in the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Ma, Pearl

doi:10.1001/jama.1984.03350100028024

Cited by 75 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Two of these cases were disseminated, whereas the other three had organisms in the small intestine only.4 Dissemination is consistent with respiratory cryptosporidiosis seen in AIDS patients. 39 Pneumocystis carinii infections are common in AIDS patient^^^,^^ and are often the immediate cause of death.40 Pneumocystis infections are less common in SIV-infected monkeys. We observed only two cases, neither of which was severe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Necropsy Findings in Rhesus Monkeys Experimentally Infected with Cultured Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)/Delta

et al. 1988

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Abstract. Lesions induced in rhesus monkeys by different isolates of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)/ Delta were studied at necropsy. Four groups of monkeys were inoculated with SIV/Delta isolated from other experimentally infected rhesus monkeys, while one group was inoculated with SIV/Delta from an asymptomatic mangabey monkey. Three rhesus isolates and the mangabey isolate were virulent, killing 75-100% of infected monkeys. One rhesus isolate, which had been extensively passaged in vitro, was attenuated but was restored to virulence by single animal passage. Clinically, infected monkeys had lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, diarrhea, and a rash. Most monkeys died of enteric disease. The following lesions were seen: weight loss, thymic atrophy, lymphoid atrophy, bone marrow hyperplasia, encephalitis, colitis, amyloidosis, hepatitis, glomerulosclerosis, and the presence of syncytial cells. One Rh Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related lymphoma occurred. Opportunistic agents were identified: cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, Cryptosporidia, and Pneumocystis. Shigella and Campylobacter often caused colitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Necropsy Findings in Rhesus Monkeys Experimentally Infected with Cultured Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)/Delta

et al. 1988

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“…The number of case reports of Cryptosporidium infection of the respiratory tract is growing rapidly (41,94,106,119,125,139,162,168,195,200,222,348). The symptoms associated with these infections include cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, croup, and hoarseness.…”

Section: Downloaded Frommentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the time of this writing, no effective therapy for cryptosporidiosis has been identified; thus, the finding of this parasite in the immunocompromised host, especially patients with AIDS, usually carries an ominous prognosis. Reports of respiratory tract (106,195,317) and biliary tree (249) infections demonstrate that the developmental stages of this protozoan are not always confined to the gastrointestinal tract and suggest that C. parvum may be an underreported cause of respiratory and biliary tract disease, especially in the immune deficient host. Recent recognition of the importance of Cryptosporidium spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptosporidiosis

1991

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Before 1982, only eight case reports of human cryptosporidiosis and fewer than 30 papers on Cryptosporidium spp. appeared in the biomedical literature. At that time, cryptosporidiosis was thought to be an infrequent infection in animals and rarely an opportunistic infection in humans. The concept of Cryptosporidium spp. as pathogens has changed dramatically within the past 8 years because of improved diagnostic techniques, increased awareness within the biomedical community, and the development of basic research programs in numerous laboratories. Presently, greater than 1,000 publications including over 400 case reports in the biomedical literature address Cryptosporidium spp. and cryptosporidiosis. Cryptosporidium parvum is now thought to be one of the three most common enteropathogens causing diarrheal illness in humans worldwide, especially in developing countries. It is likely that cryptosporidiosis was previously included in the 25 to 35% of diarrheal illness with unknown etiology. Because of the severity and length of diarrheal illness and because no effective therapy has been identified, cryptosporidiosis is one of the most ominous infections associated with AIDS. The role of C. parvum as an enteropathogen is well established; documentation of its role as a cause of hepatobiliary and respiratory diseases is now appearing in the literature. Our present understanding of the natural history, epidemiology, biology, and immunology of Cryptosporidium spp. as well as the clinical features, pathogenicity, and treatment of cryptosporidiosis are reviewed here.

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“…To date, only one case of h u m a n infection in an HIV-infected patient from w h o m a parasite resembling C. baileyi was isolated has been reported [13]. Per- While the intestinal infection has been amply documented, only a few cases of respiratory cryptosporidiosis have been reported in humans [3][4][5][6][14][15][16][17][18]. However, it is k n o w n to occur in the respiratory tract of turkeys, peacocks, chickens and quail [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary cryptosporidiosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

et al. 1996

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Since the beginning of the AIDS epidemic, Cryptosporidium has emerged as a pathogen responsible for diarrhea in humans. Cryptosporidiosis confined to the respiratory tract has been documented only rarely in humans. An HIV-infected patient is described here, who developed pulmonary and intestinal cryptosporidiosis. Lung involvement was proven by biopsy, which also revealed bronchiolitis but no other pathogens. The patient died of respiratory failure 2 months after the onset of respiratory symptoms.

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Respiratory Cryptosporidiosis in the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Cited by 75 publications

References 15 publications

Necropsy Findings in Rhesus Monkeys Experimentally Infected with Cultured Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)/Delta

Necropsy Findings in Rhesus Monkeys Experimentally Infected with Cultured Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)/Delta

Cryptosporidiosis

Pulmonary cryptosporidiosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

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