Pulmonary cryptosporidiosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Meynard, Jean Luc; Meyohas, M. C.; Binet, D.; Frottiers, J.; Chouaïd, C.

doi:10.1007/bf01743372

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Across Europe, respiratory cryptosporidiosis as a complication of HIV/ AIDS has been reported sporadically in Denmark (105,106), France (57,63,112), Italy (64,66), Spain (58,113), United Kingdom (114), and the former Czechoslovakia (60) ( Table 1). Isolated cases have been documented in disparate countries, including Chile (104), Iran (65), and Japan (115).…”

Section: Antiretroviral Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous cases of respiratory cryptosporidiosis have been characterized by coinfections with pathogens, including cytomegalo-virus (89,93,99), Pneumocystis jirovecii (105,114), and Mycobacterium (58,113). Mixed infections involving multiple pathogens have also been identified (59,98,(100)(101)(102)112). Nonetheless, Cryptosporidium has been solely recovered from the respiratory tracts of a substantial number of patients with clinical disease (25,58,61,62,65,66,92,104,113,115), suggesting a primary role for the organism as a respiratory pathogen.…”

Section: Other Possible Routes Of Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2). Bronchial and lung biopsy specimens have yielded intra-and extracellular cryptosporidia, including sporozoites or merozoites, as well as oocysts on the bronchoepithelial surface (57,112).…”

Section: Histopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Radiographic findings are not pathognomonic for cryptosporidiosis, but evidence of pulmonary interstitial disease is often present (58,63,64,66,90,112,113).…”

Section: Radiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Evolution of Respiratory Cryptosporidiosis: Evidence for Transmission by Inhalation

2014

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SUMMARY The protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium infects all major vertebrate groups and causes significant diarrhea in humans, with a spectrum of diseases ranging from asymptomatic to life-threatening. Children and immunodeficient individuals are disproportionately affected, especially in developing countries, where cryptosporidiosis contributes substantially to morbidity and mortality in preschool-age children. Despite the enormous disease burden from cryptosporidiosis, no antiprotozoal agent or vaccine exists for effective treatment or prevention. Cryptosporidiosis involving the respiratory tract has been described for avian species and mammals, including immunocompromised humans. Recent evidence indicates that respiratory cryptosporidiosis may occur commonly in immunocompetent children with cryptosporidial diarrhea and unexplained cough. Findings from animal models, human case reports, and a few epidemiological studies suggest that Cryptosporidium may be transmitted via respiratory secretions, in addition to the more recognized fecal-oral route. It is postulated that transmission of Cryptosporidium oocysts may occur by inhalation of aerosolized droplets or by contact with fomites contaminated by coughing. Delineating the role of the respiratory tract in disease transmission may provide necessary evidence to establish further guidelines for prevention of cryptosporidiosis.

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Section: Antiretroviral Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Other Possible Routes Of Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Histopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Radiographic findings are not pathognomonic for cryptosporidiosis, but evidence of pulmonary interstitial disease is often present (58,63,64,66,90,112,113).…”

Section: Radiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Evolution of Respiratory Cryptosporidiosis: Evidence for Transmission by Inhalation

2014

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“…All the documented cases of invasion of the respiratory apparatus by Cryptosporidium correspond to immunodepressed patients, the principal cause being the appearance of AIDS [107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116].…”

Section: Genus Cryptosporidiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Protozoa in respiratory pathology: a review

Martínez‐Girón¹,

Esteban²,

Ribas³

et al. 2008

European Respiratory Journal

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Among the micro-organisms that may affect the respiratory apparatus are the protozoa. The diseases they may give rise to constitute a relatively uncommon group of respiratory ailments with, in the majority of cases, an underlying clinical situation corresponding to states of suppressed immunity (AIDS, transplants, malign haemopathies, corticotherapy, etc.). Other factors, such as visits to endemic areas and immigration, also have to be taken into account.In view of the probable increase in the number of cases and the appearance of new emerging diseases, it is the intention of the present work to review the publications available, in different fields of medicine, that refer to the principal kinds of protozoa (Entamoeba,

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