Resolving the Limitations of the CNI Model in Moral Decision Making Using the CAN Algorithm: A Methodological Contrast

Feng, Chun; Liu, Chuanjun

doi:10.3390/bs12070233

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, there are also some debates on the research paradigms, for example, the possible perverse responses in moral dilemma judgments [ 43 , 44 , 45 ]. Some researchers have attempted to address these limitations and further develop new paradigms [ 46 , 47 , 48 ]. Third, the moral dilemmas were related to life-and-death and presented in the form of text, which are still quite different from real-life moral dilemmas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticipatory Stress Increases Deontological Inclinations: The Mediating Role of Emotional Valence

Gao²,

Zhang

2022

Behavioral Sciences

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Previous studies have explored the differences in moral judgments under normal situations and acute stress using the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). The present study examined whether anticipatory stress (i.e., induced by an anticipated speech) could elicit similar effects and further explored the mediation of emotional responses between acute stress and moral judgments with a process-dissociation approach. Fifty-three undergraduate students (20 males and 33 females) were randomly assigned to the stress and control groups. In the first stage, they were instructed to prepare a public speech (the stress group) or just recall events during the previous vacation (the control group). In the second stage, they reported emotional valence and arousal for each moral dilemma in a set of 12 moral dilemmas, followed by judgments on moral acceptability of the agent’s action. The manipulation check confirmed that anticipatory stress was reliably induced, as indicated in both self-reported and physiological data. The traditional dilemma analysis revealed that participants in the stress group would make fewer utilitarian judgments than those in the control group. The process dissociation (PD) analyses further revealed that the stress group exhibited higher deontological inclinations than the control group, but no significant differences in utilitarian inclinations. Emotional valence played a mediating role in the association between stress and deontological inclinations. To sum up, our study extended the investigation of the relationship between acute stress and moral judgment to anticipatory stress, clarified its distinct impact on deontological and utilitarian inclinations, and revealed the mediating effect of emotional valence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticipatory Stress Increases Deontological Inclinations: The Mediating Role of Emotional Valence

Gao²,

Zhang

2022

Behavioral Sciences

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“…The traditional way of handling such responses is to exclude them from the analyses. Another possibility, which would be relevant to the task, is that participants care little about moral principles (Feng & Liu, 2022; Liu & Liao, 2022). A complete lack of deontological and utilitarian moral sensitivity would be, we assume, rather rare in neurotypical populations.…”

Section: The Present Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TA B L E 1 Information on the maximum likelihood EFA with promax rotation for four independent samples with a 3-factor solution (forced in CHN) After these two analyses, we proceeded to calculate D and U. Since we do not assume the branching structure of MPT approaches, our equations follow the simple algebraic method also followed by other studies (Feng & Liu, 2022;Liu & Liao, 2021) in connection with conflict and no-conflict dilemmas. Higher scores in the response-scale to our conflict items indicate stronger utilitarian sensitivity.…”

Section: Analyses and Powermentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual attitudes towards moral costs and benefits drive responses to moral dilemmas

Rosas

Hannikainen

Lam

et al. 2023

Euro J Social Psych

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We review some processing assumptions that underlie the currently used measures of moral judgement with moral dilemmas, contrasting them with the overlooked possibility that the primary mechanism consists in assessing a net balance of the costs versus benefits of the sacrificial action. Different dilemmas scenarios present different net balances of cost versus benefits, and participants usually change between them from disapproval to approval motivated by what appears to be a larger positive balance of moral benefits. The thresholds for such change are personal and vary. For the instrument to reliably estimate the individual differences in approval thresholds, there can be no disagreement on the facts affecting the balances and the ranking order of the items. We designed an instrument targeting three different balances with five indicators each and ran an exploratory factor analysis to prove that the different balances operate cleanly as separate factors. The expected three-factor solution and a stable ranking of the balance points were obtained across three samples from three different continents in three languages, suggesting the activation of cross-culturally stable cognitive processes. The strength ratio of utilitarian (U) to deontological (D) sensitivity was calculated for each participant and corrected using the scores of a balance-point with no net benefits. This instrument overcomes validation difficulties burdening the existing measures and offers good prospects for further development.

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“…The ethics of autonomous driving focuses on the conflict between both utilitarianism and deontology. The current research on moral codes in resolving moral dilemma conflicts has taken four approaches: classical dilemma paradigm [ 11 ], process dissociation paradigm [ 12 ], CNI model [ 13 ], and CAN algorithm [ 14 , 15 ]. These methods can obtain the utilitarian or moral preferences of decision-makers under different conditions of influence.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Common Principles for Decision-Making in Moral Dilemmas for Autonomous Vehicles

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2022

Behavioral Sciences

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How decisions are made when autonomous vehicles (AVs) are faced with moral dilemmas is still a challenge. For this problem, this paper proposed the concept of common principles, which were drawn from the general public choice and could be generally accepted by society. This study established five moral dilemma scenarios with variables including the number of sacrifices, passenger status, presence of children, decision-making power subjects, and laws. Based on existing questionnaire data, we used gray correlation analysis to analyze the influence of the individual and psychological factors of participants in decision-making. Then, an independent sample t-test and analysis of covariance were selected to analyze the influence relationship between individual and psychological factors. Finally, by induction statistics of decision choices and related parameters of participants, we obtain common principles of autonomous vehicles, including the principle of protecting law-abiding people, the principle of protecting the majority, and the principle of protecting children. The principles have different priorities in different scenarios and can meet the complex changes in moral dilemmas. This study can alleviate the contradiction between utilitarianism and deontology, the conflict between public needs and individualized needs, and it can provide a code of conduct for ethical decision-making in future autonomous vehicles.

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Resolving the Limitations of the CNI Model in Moral Decision Making Using the CAN Algorithm: A Methodological Contrast

Cited by 9 publications

References 24 publications

Anticipatory Stress Increases Deontological Inclinations: The Mediating Role of Emotional Valence

Anticipatory Stress Increases Deontological Inclinations: The Mediating Role of Emotional Valence

Individual attitudes towards moral costs and benefits drive responses to moral dilemmas

A Study of Common Principles for Decision-Making in Moral Dilemmas for Autonomous Vehicles

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