Resistance to Phytophthora cinnamomi in Castanea spp. is under moderately high genetic control mainly because of additive genetic variance

López-Villamor, Adrián; Fernández-López, J.; Míguez-Soto, B.; Sánchez, María Esperanza Valdés

doi:10.1007/s10681-018-2309-x

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The quantitative response to Pc of the selected C. sativa populations was assessed through artificial inoculations performed in a common garden. Previous experiments with chestnut hybrids conducted under controlled environments reported large additive variation in resistance to Pc (Santos et al, 2015a;López-Villamor et al, 2018). In January 2017, germinated seeds were individually weighed and planted in 50-cell rigid plastic root trainers (300 mL volume; 18 cm high, 5.3 × 5.3 cm upper surface) containing vermiculite and blond peat (1:5, pH 5.5).…”

Section: Assessment Of Resistance To Phytophthora Cinnamomimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because Pc impact involves selective pressure, selection of Pc tolerant C. sativa trees can be expected in contrasting scenarios with different exposure levels to the pathogen even in short time intervals (Burdon & Laine, 2019). Estimated heritability values of traits associated with Pc resistance in C. sativa × C. crenata and C. sativa × C. mollissima progenies (Santos et al, 2015a;López-Villamor et al, 2018) ranged from 0.30 to 0.90. The present study provides a first estimate of heritability of a trait related to Pc resistance in wild C. sativa populations.…”

Section: Evolvability Of C Sativa To the Impact Of Ink Disease In Spainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resistance of C. sativa to Pc is polygenic and heritable (Santos et al, 2015a;López-Villamor et al, 2018). In the rainy north of Spain, the effect of Pc has been mitigated using hybrid rootstocks obtained by crossing local C. sativa with the two Asian tolerant species C. crenata and C. mollissima (Miranda-Fontaiña et al, 2007;Fernández-López, 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the rainy north of Spain, the effect of Pc has been mitigated using hybrid rootstocks obtained by crossing local C. sativa with the two Asian tolerant species C. crenata and C. mollissima (Miranda-Fontaiña et al, 2007;Fernández-López, 2011). In southern regions, use of this resistant rootstock has proven unsuitable because of its low tolerance to cold and drought (López-Villamor et al, 2018). Screening is therefore needed for Pc resistance of C. sativa populations adapted to continental and Mediterranean conditions.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Adaptive evolution of chestnut forests to the impact of ink disease in Spain

Alcaide

Solla

Cherubini

et al. 2019

J of Sytematics Evolution

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Phytophthora cinnamomi (Pc) is an extremely destructive soil‐borne pathogen of Asiatic origin responsible for “ink disease” in chestnut. This work assesses the adaptive potential to the impact of Pc of four Spanish populations of Castanea sativa undergoing different selection pressures. To explore the evolvability of C. sativa to Pc in the selected populations, parameters obtained from neutral and functional genetic diversity were compared with estimates of quantitative genetic variability. Nine expressed sequence tags‐simple sequence repeat (EST‐SSR) markers were selected and their transferability and polymorphism in 137 C. sativa individuals were evaluated. To test the potential of EST‐SSR markers for early selection of Pc tolerant plant material, the offspring of selected individuals were challenged with Pc. Expressed sequence tags‐simple sequence repeat markers and seedling life expectancy after Pc inoculation revealed significant different responses of C. sativa populations to Pc. The genetic variability observed within populations showed the potential response capacity of Spanish C. sativa populations to undergo fast adaptive evolution. The heritability value obtained for the “life expectancy” variable (h2 = 0.21 ± 0.11) indicated that selection for resistance to Pc is possible. Genetic patterns reflected two evolutionarily meaningful groupings of populations, corresponding to the different selective pressure of the oomycete between sites. The differentiation coefficient obtained through markers classified as under neutral selection (FST = 0.185) was lower than the quantitative genetic differentiation of “life expectancy” between C. sativa populations (QST = 0.682), providing evidence that selection acted spatially in a heterogeneous manner. A first link has been identified in trees between population structure and adaptive responses to pathogen‐induced selection. The study identified one marker under positive selection that could be used in marker assisted selection to predict resistance to Pc in non‐inoculated C. sativa trees.

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Section: Assessment Of Resistance To Phytophthora Cinnamomimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evolvability Of C Sativa To the Impact Of Ink Disease In Spainmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Adaptive evolution of chestnut forests to the impact of ink disease in Spain

Alcaide

Solla

Cherubini

et al. 2019

J of Sytematics Evolution

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“…It should be noted that the basis of the resistance to P. cinnamomi is multigenic (López-Villamor et al, 2018 ) and that the CcAOS gene by itself does not fully revert the susceptibility phenotype of L er -0. In fact, CcAOS plants did not show hypersensitive response or the characteristic production of callose plugs (Robinson and Cahill, 2003 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Castanea crenata Allene Oxide Synthase in Arabidopsis Improves the Defense to Phytophthora cinnamomi

et al. 2021

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Allene oxide synthase (AOS) is a key enzyme of the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway. The AOS gene was previously found to be upregulated in an Asian chestnut species resistant to infection by the oomycete Phytophthora cinnamomi (Castanea crenata), while lower expression values were detected in the susceptible European chestnut (Castanea sativa). Here, we report a genetic and functional characterization of the C. crenata AOS (CcAOS) upon its heterologous gene expression in a susceptible ecotype of Arabidopsis thaliana, which contains a single AOS gene. It was found that Arabidopsis plants expressing CcAOS delay pathogen progression and exhibit more vigorous growth in its presence. They also show upregulation of jasmonic acid and salicylic acid-related genes. As in its native species, heterologous CcAOS localized to plastids, as revealed by confocal imaging of the CcAOS-eGFP fusion protein in transgenic Arabidopsis roots. This observation was confirmed upon transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf epidermal cells. To further confirm a specific role of CcAOS in the defense mechanism against the pathogen, we performed crosses between transgenic CcAOS plants and an infertile Arabidopsis AOS knockout mutant line. It was found that plants expressing CcAOS exhibit normal growth, remain infertile but are significantly more tolerant to the pathogen than wild type plants. Together, our results indicate that CcAOS is an important player in plant defense responses against oomycete infection and that its expression in susceptible varieties may be a valuable tool to mitigate biotic stress responses.

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