Exploring the use of scions and rootstocks from xeric areas to improve drought tolerance in Castanea sativa Miller

Camisón, Álvaro; Martı́n, Mercedes; Flors, Vı́ctor; Sánchez-Bel, Paloma; Pinto, Glória; Vivas, María; Rolo, Víctor; Solla, Alejandro

doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2021.104467

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…In the Iberian Peninsula, Italy, Greece and Turkey, and based on morphological, physiological and/or molecular markers’ studies (SSRs, EST-SSRs), hotter Mediterranean regions with lower water availability or drought drove populations to xeric ecotypes (early phenology, slow growth, high root development, high Δ, low WUE and longer juvenile periods). In comparison, populations in colder Atlantic regions with more water availability are mesophytic or mesic (later phenology, higher growth, low Δ) ( Lauteri et al, 2004 ; Fernandez-Lopez et al, 2005 ; Gomes-Laranjo et al, 2012 ; Míguez-Soto et al, 2019 ; Camisón et al, 2021 ). Lauteri et al (2004) suggest that mesic ecotypes respond strongly to favorable climatic conditions by increasing growth, while xeric ecotypes respond slowly to reduce the risk of damage after drought (e.g., xylem embolism, C starvation).…”

Section: Abiotic Stresses Of C Sativamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Economically important chestnut orchards for nut production in Southern Europe are distributed through regions of provenance, many with several decades old, and established recurring to grafting without a conscient concern about the effects of global climate change. Camisón et al (2021) analyzed if drought tolerance in C. sativa could be improved using drought-tolerant scions and rootstocks from xeric populations (X) from southern Spain, in comparison with drought-sensitive scions and rootstocks from humid populations (H, with mesic ecotype) from northern Spain, based in the research of Alcaide et al (2019) . Grafted and non-grafted 2 years old plants were used in the drought treatments.…”

Section: Abiotic Stresses Of C Sativamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scions of xeric origin may also have the potential to improve drought-susceptible rootstocks. Grafting may be implemented as an adaptative tool to surpass climate change’s effects ( Camisón et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Abiotic Stresses Of C Sativamentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Camisón et al (2021) also analyzed constitutive and drought-induced hormones [ABA, SA, JA, its conjugate (+)-7-iso-jasmonoyl- L -isoleucine (JA-Ile)], and the amino acid proline in leaves and roots of grafted and non-grafted plants of X and H origin. Before drought induction, in watered plants, leaf ABA and proline contents were higher in X than in H plants, in non-grafted and grafted material.…”

Section: Abiotic Stresses Of C Sativamentioning

confidence: 99%

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European and American chestnuts: An overview of the main threats and control efforts

et al. 2022

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Chestnuts are multipurpose trees significant for the economy and wildlife. These trees are currently found around the globe, demonstrating their genetic adaptation to different environmental conditions. Several biotic and abiotic stresses have challenged these species, contributing to the decline of European chestnut production and the functional extinction of the American chestnut. Several efforts started over the last century to understand the cellular, molecular, and genetic interactions behind all chestnut biotic and abiotic interactions. Most efforts have been toward breeding for the primary diseases, chestnut blight and ink disease caused by the pathogens, Cryphonectria parasitica and Phytophthora cinnamomi, respectively. In Europe and North America, researchers have been using the Asian chestnut species, which co-evolved with the pathogens, to introgress resistance genes into the susceptible species. Breeding woody trees has several limitations which can be mostly related to the long life cycles of these species and the big genome landscapes. Consequently, it takes decades to improve traits of interest, such as resistance to pathogens. Currently, the availability of genome sequences and next-generation sequencing techniques may provide new tools to help overcome most of the problems tree breeding is still facing. This review summarizes European and American chestnut’s main biotic stresses and discusses breeding and biotechnological efforts developed over the last decades, having ink disease and chestnut blight as the main focus. Climate change is a rising concern, and in this context, the adaptation of chestnuts to adverse environmental conditions is of extreme importance for chestnut production. Therefore, we also discuss the abiotic challenges on European chestnuts, where the response to abiotic stress at the genetic and molecular level has been explored.

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Section: Abiotic Stresses Of C Sativamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Abiotic Stresses Of C Sativamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Abiotic Stresses Of C Sativamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Abiotic Stresses Of C Sativamentioning

confidence: 99%

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European and American chestnuts: An overview of the main threats and control efforts

et al. 2022

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“…When two plum scions (An and Np) were grafted onto the same rootstocks, the grafted combination with An scion had higher root hydraulic conductivity, probably due to the higher stomatal density of scions, thereby causing great internal pressure in the transpiration stream ( Opazo et al., 2020 ). Using scions and rootstocks of xeric origin can not only improve the drought tolerance of grafted plants, but also shape their phenology, including delaying bud-break and reducing stem secondary growth of trees ( Camisón et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: Scion Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grafting enhances plants drought resistance: Current understanding, mechanisms, and future perspectives

Yang

Xia²,

Zeng³

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Drought, one of the most severe and complex abiotic stresses, is increasingly occurring due to global climate change and adversely affects plant growth and yield. Grafting is a proven and effective tool to enhance plant drought resistance ability by regulating their physiological and molecular processes. In this review, we have summarized the current understanding, mechanisms, and perspectives of the drought stress resistance of grafted plants. Plants resist drought through adaptive changes in their root, stem, and leaf morphology and structure, stomatal closure modulation to reduce transpiration, activating osmoregulation, enhancing antioxidant systems, and regulating phytohormones and gene expression changes. Additionally, the mRNAs, miRNAs and peptides crossing the grafted healing sites also confer drought resistance. However, the interaction between phytohormones, establishment of the scion-rootstock communication through genetic materials to enhance drought resistance is becoming a hot research topic. Therefore, our review provides not only physiological evidences for selecting drought-resistant rootstocks or scions, but also a clear understanding of the potential molecular effects to enhance drought resistance using grafted plants.

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Harmful self‐pollination drives gynodioecy in European chestnut, a self‐incompatible tree

Larue,

Petit

2024

American J of Botany

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PremiseGynodioecy is a rare sexual system in which two genders (sensu Lloyd, 1980), cosexuals and females, coexist. To survive, female plants must compensate for their lack of siring capacity and male attractiveness. In European chestnut (Castanea sativa), an outcrossing tree, self‐pollination reduces fruit set in cosexual individuals because of late‐acting self‐incompatibility and early inbreeding depression. Could this negative sexual interaction explain the presence of females in this species?MethodsWe studied gender variation in wild populations of European chestnut. In addition, we compared fruit set (the proportion of flowers giving fruits) and other key female fitness components as well as reproductive allocation between genders. We then performed emasculation experiments in cosexual trees, by removing nectar‐producing fertile male inflorescences. We also removed sterile but nectar‐producing male inflorescences from female trees, as a control.ResultsWe found a highly variable proportion of male‐sterile individuals in the wild in European chestnut. In the experimental plot, trees from each gender had similar size, flower density, and burr set, but different fruit set. Removing nectar‐producing male inflorescences from branches or entire trees increased fruit set in cosexual but not in female trees.ConclusionsThese results show that self‐pollination impairs fruit set in cosexual trees. Female trees avoid these problems as they do not produce pollen but continue to attract pollinators thanks to their rewarding male‐sterile inflorescences, resulting in a much higher fruit set than in cosexuals. This demonstrates that even outcrossed plants can benefit from the cessation of self‐pollination, to the point that unisexuality can evolve.

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Exploring the use of scions and rootstocks from xeric areas to improve drought tolerance in Castanea sativa Miller

Cited by 13 publications

References 70 publications

European and American chestnuts: An overview of the main threats and control efforts

European and American chestnuts: An overview of the main threats and control efforts

Grafting enhances plants drought resistance: Current understanding, mechanisms, and future perspectives

Harmful self‐pollination drives gynodioecy in European chestnut, a self‐incompatible tree

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