Resistance of WildSolanumAccessions to Aphids and Other Potato Pests in Quebec Field Conditions

Abstract

Two experiments were done to determine the susceptibility of six wild potato accessions to the aphids Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Myzus persicae (Sulzer). Densities of aphid colonies were compared between caged Solanum pinnatisectum Dunal (Solanales: Solanaceae), S. polyadenium Greenmam, S. tarijense Hawkes, S. infundibuliforme Philippi, S. oplocense Hawkes, and S. stoloniferum Schlechted and Bouché, and the commercially cultivated potato plant S. tuberosum L. cv. Désirée. Moreover the susceptibility of S. polyadenium and S. tarijense to the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrlysomelidae), the potato flea beetle Epitrix cucumeris (Harris), and the potato leafhopper Empoasca fabae (Harris) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) was compared to that of S. tuberosum cv. Désirée in the field. Results indicated that S. polyadenium and S. tarijense were more resistant to M. persicae than S. pinnatisectum and the commercially cultivated S. tuberosum cv. Désirée. Solanum polyadenium was more resistant to aphids than S. tarijense in 2004, but not in 2005. Moreover, S. polyadenium and S. tarijense were more resistant than S. tuberosum cv. Désirée to L. decemlineata, E. cucumeris and E. fabae.

Steroidal glycoalkaloids: chemical defence of edible African nightshades against the tomato red spider mite, Tetranychus evansi (Acari: Tetranychidae)

“…Previous reports indicate that the wild potato species Solanum pinnatisectum Dunal, Solanum chaoense Bitter and S. polyadenium Greenmam have a high level of α ‐tomatine, which is known to hinder the growth of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say, and to lower the reproduction rate of the potato aphid, M. euphorbiae . Evident from these reports, our results suggest the possibility of a combined effect (synergistic or additive) between these glycoalkaloids in contributing to the acaricidal activity of the leaf extract of S. sarrachoides .…”

“…Previous investigations on defence chemistry in the family Solanaceae have identified a variety of compounds, including glycoalkaloids, methyl ketones and a few sesquiterpenes, that confer resistance to a myriad of arthropod pests . For example, it has been reported that the major potato glycoalkaloids, α ‐chaconine and α ‐solanine, reduced the reproduction of the potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas .…”

Life-History Parameters of the Colorado Potato Beetle,Leptinotarsa decemlineata, on Seven Commercial Cultivars of Potato,Solanum tuberosum

“…In the Ardabil region, growers largely depend on insecticides for control of L. decemlineata , but it has developed resistance to many traditional organophosphate, carbamate, and pyrethroid insecticides ( Mota-Sanchez et al 2002 ). The inadequacy and the potential adverse effects on the environment of chemical use have prompted research efforts to find alternative approaches, such as host plant resistance, to control the pest ( Smith 1989 ; Panda and Khush 1995 ; Weber 2003 ; Weber et al 2006 ; Alyokhin 2008 ; Fréchette et al 2010 ; Werling et al 2012 ). L. decemlineata responds differently to various potato species and cultivars, and some reports have been published concerning the resistance of potato cultivars to L. decemlineata ( Kennedy et al 1987 ; Yaşar and Güngör 2005 ).…”

Potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae performance is determined by aphid genotype and not mycorrhizal fungi or water availability

“…Plant suitability and nutritional quality for aphid feeding and growth can vary widely between, and even within, plant species. For example, wild and cultivated Solanum species differ dramatically in their suitability for potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas) and peach-potato aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) (Fréchette et al, 2010;Askarianzadeh et al, 2013;Bennett et al, 2016), while the quality of cultivated Solanum tuberosum for aphids varies significantly between cultivars (Aldmen & Gerowitt, 2009) and during plant development (Karley et al, 2002;Karley et al, 2003). Similarly, within aphid populations, individuals with reduced susceptibility to natural enemies can be detected with varying frequency.…”