Resistance measurements at the nanoscale: scanning probe ac impedance spectroscopy

Energy storage and conversion systems are an integral component of emerging green technologies, including mobile electronic devices, automotive, and storage components of solar and wind energy economics. Despite the rapidly expanding manufacturing capabilities and wealth of phenomenological information on the macroscopic device behaviors, the microscopic mechanisms underpinning battery and fuel cell operations in the nanometer-micrometer range are virtually unknown. This lack of information is due to the dearth of experimental techniques capable of addressing elementary mechanisms involved in battery operation, including electronic and ion transport, vacancy injection, and interfacial reactions, on the nanometer scale. In this article, a brief overview of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) methods addressing nanoscale electrochemical functionalities is provided and compared with macroscopic electrochemical methods. Future applications of emergent SPM methods, including near field optical, electromechanical, microwave, and thermal probes and combined SPM-(S)TEM (scanning transmission electron microscopy) methods in energy storage and conversion materials are discussed.

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“…[ 81 ] Similar measurements were done by O'Hayre et al who demonstrated scanning impedance microscopy on Nafi on electrolyte. [ 79 ] …”

Section: Static Electrostatic Imagingsupporting

confidence: 64%

Local Electrochemical Functionality in Energy Storage Materials and Devices by Scanning Probe Microscopies: Status and Perspectives

Kalinin

Balke

2010

Advanced Materials

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“…Exceptions are measurements of the ion conductivity of CaF 2 [23], and the dynamics of solute ions at the step edges of simple salts (e.g., NaCl, KCl, KBr, KI) [24]. Other examples are investigations of local ionic conductivites in salt-in-polymer electrolytes by Layson et al [25] and by Bhattacharyya et al [26]. Both groups used spreading resistance microscopy to measure separately the ion conductivity of amorphous and crystalline parts of the samples, while not exploiting the high spatial resolution of the method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion Jump Dynamics in Nanoscopic Subvolumes Analyzed by Electrostatic Force Spectroscopy

Schirmeisen¹,

Taskiran

Bracht

et al. 2010

Zeitschrift Für Physikalische Chemie

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Ion Dynamics / Electrostatic Atomic Force MicroscopyA nanoscopic technique based on electrostatic force spectroscopy in the time domain is introduced. This technique is used to characterize the ion dynamics in nanoscale subvolumes of solid electrolytes. Nanoscopic polarization spots can be created and directly visualized, and their time evolution can be studied. In the case of partially crystallized glass ceramics, the dynamic processes in different phases (glassy, crystalline and interface) can be distinguished and their activation energies and pre-exponential factors can be quantified. By applying grid-type spectroscopic measurements, maps of the local relaxation strength are obtained, giving information about the spatial distribution of the glassy and crystalline phase.

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“…In this manner, the local impedance can be spatially mapped as a function of the driving frequency. NIM has recently been applied to polymer electrolytic films, where clear nanometer scale variations in the impedance were observed (Layson et al, 2003). A potential complication in measurements of impedance and current as a function of applied bias can occur in AFMs with laser-based feedback due to photoexcitation of carriers in the probe and/or the sample.…”

Section: Ac C-afm Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of scanning probe microscopy to the characterization and fabrication of hybrid nanomaterials

Greene

Kinser

Kramer

et al. 2004

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a widely used experimental technique for characterizing and fabricating nanostructures on surfaces. In particular, due to its ability to spatially map variations in materials properties with nanometer spatial resolution, SPM is particularly well suited to probe the subcomponents and interfaces of hybrid nanomaterials, i.e., materials that are made up of distinct nanometer scale components with distinguishable properties. In addition, the interaction of the SPM tip with materials can be intentionally tuned such that local surface modification is achieved. In this manner, hybrid nanostructures can also be fabricated on solid substrates using SPM. This report reviews recent developments in the characterization and fabrication of hybrid nanomaterials with SPM. Specific attention is given to nanomaterials that consist of both organic and inorganic components including individual biomolecules mounted on inorganic substrates. SPM techniques that are particularly well suited for characterizing the mechanical and electrical properties of such hybrid systems in atmospheric pressure environments are highlighted, and specific illustrative examples are provided. This review concludes with a brief discussion of the remaining challenges and promising future prospects for this field.

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Resistance measurements at the nanoscale: scanning probe ac impedance spectroscopy

Cited by 57 publications

References 16 publications

Local Electrochemical Functionality in Energy Storage Materials and Devices by Scanning Probe Microscopies: Status and Perspectives

Local Electrochemical Functionality in Energy Storage Materials and Devices by Scanning Probe Microscopies: Status and Perspectives

Ion Jump Dynamics in Nanoscopic Subvolumes Analyzed by Electrostatic Force Spectroscopy

Application of scanning probe microscopy to the characterization and fabrication of hybrid nanomaterials

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