Residual stress analysis of additive manufacturing of metallic parts using ultrasonic waves: State of the art review

Acevedo, Rubén; Sedlák, Petr; Kolman, Radek; Fredel, Márcio C.

doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.05.092

Cited by 99 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…In the sample AM + N ( Fig. 3a) small cracks are present in the compound layer, which can be assigned to the high concentration of internal stresses in the as-built AM material 48,49 . After aging no cracks are visible in the AM + DAT + N sample due to the stress release.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of plasma nitriding to improve the wear and corrosion resistance of 18Ni-300 maraging steel manufactured by selective laser melting

Godec

Podgornik

Kocijan

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Abstract18Ni-300 maraging steel manufactured by selective laser melting was plasma nitrided to improve its wear and corrosion resistance. The effects of a prior solution treatment, aging and the combination of both on the microstructure and the properties after nitriding were investigated. The results were compared with conventionally produced 18Ni-300 counterparts subjected to the same heat- and thermo-chemical treatments. The plasma nitriding was performed under the same conditions (temperature of 520 °C and time of 6 h) as the aging in order to investigate whether the nitriding and the aging could be carried out simultaneously in a single step. The aim of this work was to provide a better understanding of the morphology and chemical composition of the nitrided layer in the additive-manufactured maraging steel as a function of the prior heat treatments and to compare the wear and corrosion resistance with those of conventional maraging steel. The results show that nitriding without any prior aging leads to cracks in the compound layer, while nitriding of the prior-heat-treated additive-manufactured maraging steel leads to benefits from the thermochemical treatment in terms of wear and corrosion resistance. Some explanations for the origins of the cracks and pores in the nitride layers are provided.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of plasma nitriding to improve the wear and corrosion resistance of 18Ni-300 maraging steel manufactured by selective laser melting

Godec

Podgornik

Kocijan

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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show abstract

“…The residual stress analysis of SLM Ti6Al4V fabricated under three different building orientations is novel. Generally, residual stress is harmful in that it causes material deformation and cracks, which adversely affect the structural integrity and service performance of the material [ 34 , 35 , 36 ]. Due to the high temperature gradient and rapid melting and cooling process in the SLM process, it is easy to produce uneven plastic deformation, resulting in residual stress [ 2 , 34 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Perspective Analysis of Building Orientation Effects on Microstructure, Mechanical and Surface Properties of SLM Ti6Al4V with Specific Geometry

Cai

Song

et al. 2021

Materials

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Building orientation is important in selective laser melting (SLM) processes. Current studies only focus on the horizontal and vertical building orientations without considering different modes of horizontal orientations. In fact, for horizontal orientation, different surfaces of the sample that contact the substrate will affect the heat transfer mode and efficiency, and in turn affect the microstructure and material properties. In this paper, the effect of two modes of horizontal building orientations on microstructure, mechanical and surface properties of SLM Ti6Al4V was studied. Current research about building orientation is deficient because the geometry of samples or test surfaces are not strictly defined, which seriously influences the results due to their different heat transfer efficiency and mode. Therefore, the geometry of the samples and test surfaces were clearly defined, and its necessity was proved in this study. To achieve the research goal, three test samples were prepared: sample SLM-PB-S with the building orientation parallel to the substrate and the shorter side L1 contacts it, sample SLM-PB-L with the building orientation parallel to the substrate and the longer side L2 contacts it and sample SLM-VB with the building orientation vertical to the substrate. Subsequently, the microstructure, grain information, densification, residual stress, micro-hardness, tensile properties and surface topography of different samples were analyzed and compared. In the results, SLM-PB-S exhibited denser microstructure and better mechanical properties than SLM-PB-L, including smaller grain size, stronger texture, higher density, micro-hardness, tensile strength, plasticity and better surface quality. It originates from a higher cooling rate and shorter scanning time between layers during SLM-PB-S fabrication, leading to finer grains, lower porosity and better interlayer metallurgical bonding, thus resulting in better material properties. This study can provide a reference to select the proper building orientation in SLM.

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“…The ultrasonic wave non-destructive method is based on the theory of acoustoelastic laws. The theory states that the elastic wave that is propagated through an element depends on the mechanical stresses as well as wave propagation, in addition to initial stress [119,120]. The following are some of the applications of the ultrasonic waves as non-destructive tool in civil engineering: 9.1.1.…”

Section: Ultrasonic Methods 91 Introduction and Principle Of The Appmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advancements in Non-Destructive Testing Techniques for Structural Health Monitoring

et al. 2021

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Structural health monitoring (SHM) is an important aspect of the assessment of various structures and infrastructure, which involves inspection, monitoring, and maintenance to support economics, quality of life and sustainability in civil engineering. Currently, research has been conducted in order to develop non-destructive techniques for SHM to extend the lifespan of monitored structures. This paper will review and summarize the recent advancements in non-destructive testing techniques, namely, sweep frequency approach, ground penetrating radar, infrared technique, fiber optics sensors, camera-based methods, laser scanner techniques, acoustic emission and ultrasonic techniques. Although some of the techniques are widely and successfully utilized in civil engineering, there are still challenges that researchers are addressing. One of the common challenges within the techniques is interpretation, analysis and automation of obtained data, which requires highly skilled and specialized experts. Therefore, researchers are investigating and applying artificial intelligence, namely machine learning algorithms to address the challenges. In addition, researchers have combined multiple techniques in order to improve accuracy and acquire additional parameters to enhance the measurement processes. This study mainly focuses on the scope and recent advancements of the Non-destructive Testing (NDT) application for SHM of concrete, masonry, timber and steel structures.

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Residual stress analysis of additive manufacturing of metallic parts using ultrasonic waves: State of the art review

Cited by 99 publications

References 81 publications

Use of plasma nitriding to improve the wear and corrosion resistance of 18Ni-300 maraging steel manufactured by selective laser melting

Use of plasma nitriding to improve the wear and corrosion resistance of 18Ni-300 maraging steel manufactured by selective laser melting

Multi-Perspective Analysis of Building Orientation Effects on Microstructure, Mechanical and Surface Properties of SLM Ti6Al4V with Specific Geometry

Recent Advancements in Non-Destructive Testing Techniques for Structural Health Monitoring

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