The composition of the passive layers formed by electrochemical oxidation at different passivation potentials on Co-Cr-Mo and Co-Ni-Cr-Mo alloys in simulated physiological solution (SPS), with and without the complexing agent EDTA, was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Composition as a function of depth, cationic fraction and thickness of the passive film was determined. Chromium oxide is shown to be the major constituent of the passive layer on both Co-Cr-Mo and Co-Ni-Cr-Mo alloys. The minor constituents of the passive layers, Co- and Mo-oxide in the case of Co-Cr-Mo alloy and Ni-, Co- and Mo-oxides in the case of Co-Ni-Cr-Mo alloy, are also located in the outer part of the layer. EDTA affects the formation of the passive layer on each alloy. The content of Co-, Ni- and Mo-oxide in the passive layer is lower in the presence of EDTA, thus indicating increased solubility associated with higher stability constants for complexes of metal cations with EDTA.
Fouling-release coatings were prepared from blends of a fluorinated/siloxane copolymer with a poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) matrix in order to couple the low modulus character of PDMS with the low surface tension typical for fluorinated polymers. The content of the surface-active copolymer was varied in the blend over a broad range (0.15-10 wt % with respect to PDMS). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth profiling analyses were performed on the coatings to establish the distribution of specific chemical constituents throughout the coatings, and proved enrichment in fluorine of the outermost layers of the coating surface. Addition of the fluorinated/siloxane copolymer to the PDMS matrix resulted in a concentration-dependent decrease in settlement of barnacle, Balanus amphitrite, cyprids. The release of young plants of Ulva, a soft fouling species, and young barnacles showed that adhesion strength on the fluorinated/siloxane copolymer was significantly lower than the siloxane control. However, differences in adhesion strength were not directly correlated with the concentration of copolymer in the blends.
The present work is devoted to the problem of biodegradation of orthopaedic implants manufactured from stainless steel. In vitro simulations of the biocompatibility of two types of stainless steel, AISI 304 and AISI 316L, and their individual metal components, i.e. iron, chromium, nickel and molybdenum, were carried out in simulated physiological solution (Hank's) containing complexing agents. Knowledge of the effects of the chemical and biological complexing agents, EDTA and proteins, respectively, on the corrosion resistance of a metal should provide a better understanding of the processes occurring in vivo on its surface. The behavior of stainless steels and metal components was studied under open circuit and under potentiostatic conditions. The concentration of dissolved corrosion products in the form of released ions was determined by differential pulse polarography (DPP) and atomic emission spectrometry using inductively coupled plasma (ICP-AES). The composition of solid corrosion products formed on the surface was analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and their morphology was viewed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The addition of EDTA and proteins to physiological solution increased the dissolution of pure metals and stainless steels. The effect of particular protein differs on different metals and alloys.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.