Residual Ammonium Persulfate in Nanoparticles Has Cytotoxic Effects on Cells through Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

Abstract

Ammonium persulfate (APS), a low molecular weight chemical compound with strong oxidizing properties, should to be totally removed during preparation of nanomaterials due to its cytotoxicity. APS exerts its oxidative stress effects mainly on cell membrane, but its intracellular influence remains unclear. Here, we designed a facile negatively-charged carboxylic gelatin-methyacrylate (carbox-GelMA) nanoparticle (NP) as a cargo-carrier through the catalytic and oxidizing action of APS in W/O system. The formed APS-loaded carbox-GelMA NPs (APS/NPs) were transported into the lysosome in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The intracellular APS/NPs produced a high level of oxidative stress in lysosome and induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Consequently, the MCF-7 cells challenged with APS/NPs had a strong metastatic and invasive capability in vitro and in vivo. This study highlights that a facile APS-loaded nanocarrier has cyctotoxicity on cells through EMT. Unexpectedly, we found a novel pathway inducing EMT via lysosomal oxidative stress.

Non-cytotoxic Dityrosine Photocrosslinked Polymeric Materials With Targeted Elastic Moduli

“…In preparation of dityrosine photocrosslinked polymeric materials, persulfate concentrations have ranged from at least 1 to 200 mM, and Ru concentrations from 0.1 to 3 mM (Elvin et al, 2005(Elvin et al, , 2010Fang and Li, 2012;Ding et al, 2013;Jeon et al, 2015;Kim et al, 2017;Zhang et al, 2017;Min et al, 2018;Sakai et al, 2018;Khanmohammadi et al, 2019;Lim et al, 2019). Persulfates are strong oxidizing agents that can stress cell membranes and lead to an increased rate of apoptosis (Song et al, 2017). Ru is an intercalator that can affect DNA and cell replication (Ang and Dyson, 2006;Gill et al, 2016).…”

GSH‐Depleted Nanozymes with Dual‐Radicals Enzyme Activities for Tumor Synergic Therapy

“…[ 9 ] Usually, SO 4 •‐ is produced by activating persulfate (HSO 5 − , S 2 O 8 2− ), but it is too much cytotoxic to directly apply in cancer therapy. [ 10 ] Thus, a novel methodology for constructing a biocompatible nanosystem with the ability to produce SO 4 •‐ and retain the advantages of catalytic nanozyme based on • OH is urgently needed. Recently, it has been revealed that the sulfate ions (SO 4 2− ) on the surface of iron oxide nanoparticles could be converted into SO 4 •‐ in the presence of • OH (Fe‐SO 4 2− + • OH→ Fe‐SO 4 •− + OH − ).…”

HISTOPATOLOGIA EM FÍGADO DE Astyanax Lacustris (TELEOSTEI, CHARACIDAE) COMO BIOMARCADOR DE POLUIÇÃO AMBIENTAL AQUÁTICA NO SUBMÉDIO SÃO FRANCISCO NORDESTE DO BRASIL

“…Ademais, a cultura celular baseia-se na remoção de células de um tecido para um ambiente artificial de condições favoráveis. Estas, podem ser removidas diretamente do tecido tumoral biopsiado e dissociadas por meios enzimáticos ou mecânicos antes da cultura ou podem ser provenientes de uma linhagem celular ou estirpe celular antes estabelecido (ALVES e GUIMARÃES, 2010;ANTONI et al, 2015).…”

“…As células que sobreviverem ao processo de dissociação e aderirem a garrafa, formarão a primeira monocamada de células daquele tecido. Estas, apresentam características genotípicas e fenotípicas do tecido de origem e, podem crescer em cultura por um determinado período, designada de cultura primária (ALVES; GUIMARÃES, 2010;BROUTIER et al, 2017;CRUZ et al, 2009). Diante dos avanços no estudo da fisiopatologia do câncer, a cultura de células fornece um sistema apropriado para as pesquisas dos efeitos de drogas e compostos tóxicos as células, mutagênese e carcinogênese; na triagem e desenvolvimento de fármacos.…”

“…Esta última sendo a mais frequente, devido à presença destes na via respiratória humana. Quando em cultura, os micoplasmas aderem a membrana da célula e retirarem do meio os nutrientes necessários para o metabolismo celular (ALVES e GUIMARÃES, 2010;FERREIRA et al, 2013;HYNDS, 2018). (CHABNER, 2016;FERREIRA et al, 2013;JUAN-BLANCO et al, 2018;SHOEMAKER, 2006).…”