Reservoirs of Non-baumannii Acinetobacter Species

Abstract

Acinetobacter spp. are ubiquitous gram negative and non-fermenting coccobacilli that have the ability to occupy several ecological niches including environment, animals and human. Among the different species, Acinetobacter baumannii has evolved as global pathogen causing wide range of infection. Since the implementation of molecular techniques, the habitat and the role of non-baumannii Acinetobacter in human infection have been elucidated. In addition, several new species have been described. In the present review, we summarize the recent data about the natural reservoir of non-baumannii Acinetobacter including the novel species that have been described for the first time from environmental sources and reported during the last years.

Microbial community dynamics and functional responses that contribute to tolerance of high concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbon

“…In traditional PH remediation processes, a single microorganism is generally applied to remove PH from the pollution area . However, it has been reported that single microorganisms prefer one or several types of PH, which makes it difficult to remove all types of PH contamination .…”

Clinical and Pathophysiological Overview of Acinetobacter Infections: a Century of Challenges

“…are found in wet environments, including moist soil/mud, wetlands, ponds, water treatment plants, fish farms, wastewater, and even seawater (3). These environmental strains often harbor antibiotic resistance mechanisms, including carbapenemases and extended-spectrum ␤-lactamases (ESBLs) (3), and may thus serve as important environmental reservoirs for resistance elements that transform into clinically relevant strains. Some medically relevant species, such as A. calcoaceticus, A. lwoffii, A. nosocomialis, and A. pittii, have been found on vegetables, meat, dairy products, and human skin (16).…”

“…Such strains have harbored extensive antibiotic resistance repertoires. Furthermore, A. baumannii strains harboring extensive antibiotic resistance have contaminated commercial food, including meat, vegetables, and various types of livestock, suggesting multiple environmental routes of transmission into human populations (3,(17)(18)(19). However, non-baumannii Acinetobacter spp.…”

“…However, non-baumannii Acinetobacter spp. have predominated in surveillance studies of skin colonization, particularly among healthy individuals, whereas A. baumannii has rarely been identified as a colonizer of skin among healthy patients (3,(20)(21)(22)(23). Strains of A. baumannii-A.…”

Salivary microbiome of an urban Indian cohort and patterns linked to subclinical inflammation

“…Acinetobacter, implicated in recurrent aphthous stomatitis, periodontitis, nosocomial, and opportunistic infections particularly in tropical regions including India and Haemophilus, another genus linked to dysbiosis and invasive infections were more abundant in Indians' saliva (AlAtrouni et al, 2016;Chu et al, 1999;Patil & Chopade, 2001;Souto, Silva-Boghossian & Colombo, 2014;Kim et al, 2016;Said et al, 2014). The relevance of oral reservoirs of potential medical pathogens relevance merits further study.…”