Tumor‐associated factors are related to increased accumulation of CD11b+Gr1+myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). However, the exact mechanism of how genetic factors control the expansion of MDSCs in tumor‐bearing hosts remains elusive. Herein, we found that tumor‐associated MDSCs and their subsets, mononuclear MDSCs and polymorphonuclear MDSCs, have decreased expression of miR‐223 when compared to CD11b+Gr1+ cells from the spleen of disease‐free mice. With the differentiation of CD11b+Gr1+MDSCs from bone marrow cells (BMCs) upon exposure to tumor‐associated factors, the expression of both pri‐miR‐223 and mature miR‐223 was downregulated, indicating that the expression of miR‐223 could be regulated by tumor‐associated factors. Interestingly, miR‐223 remarkably inhibits differentiation of BMCs into CD11b+Gr1+MDSCs in the presence of tumor‐associated factors by targeting myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C). Using reconstituted s.c. tumor models, miR‐223 also suppresses accumulation of CD11b+Gr1+MDSCs, whereas its targeting molecule MEF2C increases the number of MDSCs. Tumor growth is slower in mice infused by miR223‐engineered BMCs than in mice infused with control transfected BMCs. As miR‐223 and its target molecule MEF2C are highly conserved between mice and humans, the modulation of miR‐223 in tumor‐induced CD11b+Gr1+MDSCs may exert an important role in controlling the increased accumulation of CD11b+Gr1+MDSCs in patients with tumor.
A micro displacement sensor and its sensing technique based on line-defect resonant cavity in photonic crystals (PhCs) are presented. The line-defect resonant cavity is formed by a fixed and a mobile PhC segments. With a proper operating frequency, a quasi-linear measurement of micro-displacement is achieved with sensitivity of 1.15 a(-1) ( a is the lattice constant) and Q factor of 40. The sensitivity can be adjusted easily by varying either Q factor or operating frequency of the sensing system. In addition, the sensing range can be broadened to -0.55 a ~0.60 a by using multiple operating frequencies. The properties of the micro displacement sensor are analyzed theoretically and simulated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method.
Conventional double random phase encoding (DRPE) encrypts plaintext to white noise-like ciphertext which may attract attention of eavesdroppers, and recent research reported that DRPE is vulnerable to various attacks. Here we propose a security enhanced optical encryption system that can hide the existence of secret information by watermarking. The plaintext is encrypted using iterative fractional Fourier transform with random phase key, and ciphertext is randomly permuted with permutation key before watermarking. Cryptanalysis shows that linearity of the security system has been broken and the permutation key prevent the attacker from accessing the ciphertext in various attacks. A series of simulations have shown the effectiveness of this system and the security strength is enhanced for invisibility, nonlinearity and resistance against attacks.
We report on the enhanced holographic performance by employing a strong volume holographic absorption grating induced by localized surface plasmon resonance effect in a bulk gold nanoparticles doped photopolymer. The contributions of plasmon-induced volume holographic absorption grating is characterized through the Kogelnik's coupled wave model and demonstrated experimentally by using two-beam interference technology. At the 0.05 vol. % concentration of the gold nanoparticles in the bulk photopolymer, 101.8% increase in the diffraction efficiency and more than four times suppression of the first side lobe in angular selectivity have been achieved.
A new diarylethene doped with poly(methyl methacrylate) film is developed and its characteristics of volume holographic recording are investigated. The maximum diffraction efficiency of the 10microm thick film is 1.2%, and the rewritable hologram recording exhibits its high resolution, fatigue resistance, negligible shrinkage, and long lifetime, which are critical to apply this material to high-density rewritable holographic data storage.
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