Research progress in the electrochemical synthesis of ferrate(VI)

Mácová, Zuzana; Bouzek, Karel; Hı́veš, Ján; Sharma, Virender K.; Terryn, Raymond J.; Baum, J. Clayton

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2008.11.034

Cited by 138 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…Although this in situ production has been examined before and used directly on wastewater (Jiang et al 2009), this research field presents a large space for novelty and outbreak (Mácová et al 2009). NaOH has been proven to be the best electrolyte for this purpose (Bouzek and Roušar 1993;Bouzek and Roušar 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical Production of Ferrate (Iron VI): Application to the Wastewater Treatment on a Laboratory Scale and Comparison with Iron (III) Coagulant

Stanford

Jiang

Alsheyab

2009

Water Air Soil Pollut

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This paper presents a comparative study of the performance of ferrate(VI), FeO 4 2− , and ferric, Fe (III), towards wastewater treatment. The ferrate(VI) was produced by electrochemical synthesis, using steel electrodes in a 16 M NaOH solution. Domestic wastewater collected from Hailsham North Wastewater Treatment Works was treated with ferrate(VI) and ferric sulphate (Fe(III)). Samples were analysed for suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and P removal. Results for low doses of Fe(VI) were validated via a reproducibility study. Removal of phosphorous reached 40% with a Fe(VI) dose as low as 0.01 mg/L compared to 25% removal with 10 mg/L of Fe(III). For lower doses (<1 mg/L as Fe), Fe(VI) can achieve between 60% and 80% removals of SS and COD, but Fe(III) performed even not as well as the control sample where no iron chemical was dosed. The ferrate solution was found to be stable for a maximum of 50 min, beyond which Fe(VI) is reduced to less oxidant species. This provided the maximum allowed storage time of the electrochemically produced ferrate (VI) solution. Results demonstrated that low addition of ferrate(VI) leads to good removal of P, BOD, COD and suspended solids from wastewater compared to ferric addition and further studies could bring an optimisation of the dosage and treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three preparation routes are used for ferrate synthesis. These are the wet-, thermo-or electrochemical synthesis, which have been extensively reviewed (Jiang and Lloyd 2002;Mácová et al 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Production of Ferrate (Iron VI): Application to the Wastewater Treatment on a Laboratory Scale and Comparison with Iron (III) Coagulant

Stanford

Jiang

Alsheyab

2009

Water Air Soil Pollut

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“…Ferrates solutions were prepared in two ways -by hypochlorite and electrochemical methods represented in [5,7,9,12] ), made of cast iron and steel of various grades, which composition is determined by ARL 3460 Optical Emission Spectrometer (Switzerland). The polarization of the electrodes was carried from direct current source B5-47 (Russia) to control the amount of electricity at constant current integrator IPT-1 (Belarus).…”

Section: Materials Substances and Devices Used For The Synthesis mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ferrates(VI) are new "green" oxidants, which due to their unique properties are used in many spheres, such as industrial ecology [1][2][3][4], organic and inorganic synthesis [5,6], batteries production [7], etc. The widespread use of ferrates and their large-scale production are largely cut down by the high price that has currently developed in the market of iron(VI) compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The widespread use of ferrates and their large-scale production are largely cut down by the high price that has currently developed in the market of iron(VI) compounds. It should be noted that the price for ferrates of reactive purity (≥97 % Fe(VI)) for scientific purposes in some degree has speculative character (100-150 USD per 1 g), because now there is a rush demand caused by the increased attention of many scientists from different countries to ferrate technologies [2][3][4]7]. At the same time, the price of commercial ferrates (90 % Fe(VI)) for the industry is much lower.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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