This paper reviews the current knowledge on the occurrence, biodegradation, and photooxidation of nonylphenol (NP), octylphenol (OP), and bisphenol-A (BPA) in aquatic environment. Generally, the concentrations determined were 0.006-32.8, < 0.001-1.44, and 0.0005-4.0 mu g L(-1) for NP, OP, and BPA respectively in river waters worldwide. Anthropogenic activities that can lead to run-off and storm water discharge may contribute to such concentrations in rivers. Pathways for biodegradation of NP and BPA appear to be similar. The influence of ferric ions, oxalate, hydrogen peroxide, and dissolved organic matter (DOM) on the photooxidation of NP and BPA in natural water is presented. Several techniques including nanofiltration, adsorption, sonochemical, photocatalytic, chlorination, ozonation, and ferrate(VI) oxidation for removals of NP, OP, and BPA are also reviewed.
2 4 FeO − with harmful organic and inorganic substances in an acidic, neutral and weakly alkaline condition. The kinetics and products of the oxidation of caffeine by acid-activated ferrate(VI) are described in [1]. The oxidation processes of pentachlorophenol [2] and phenol [3] by ferrate(VI) in neutral and weakly alkaline condition are offered. The kinetics and mechanism of ferrates(Fe(VI), Fe(V), and Fe(IV)) oxidation of iodide with the formation of triiodide at pH 5-10.3 [4] are present
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