Research Note: Characterization of antibiotic resistant phenotypes and linked genes of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from healthy broiler chickens, Karnataka, India

Abstract

The study was carried out to estimate the burden and pattern of antibiotic resistance and to identify antibiotic resistance genes with focus on ESBL producers, plasmid mediated quinolone resistance, and tetracycline efflux genes, in faecal bacterial isolates collected from poultry farms of coastal Southern Karnataka, India. High resistance to fluoroquinolones was observed with 94% Escherichia coli and 80% Klebsiella pneumoniae being resistant to both ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. All the Escherichia coli strains were resistant to tetracycline (100%). qnrB (38%) was the most common gene detected followed by qnrS (27%) and qnrA (21.5%). All Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates resistant to tetracycline harbored tetA gene. Most of the isolates in our study had high MAR indices indicating rampant use of antibiotics.

Tetracycline efflux pump genes in Escherichia coli from retail chicken in central Kerala

“…Overall tetA was detected in 56.67 per cent which is in accordance with a study in Norway where tetA was detected in 55 per cent of resistant isolates (Sunde and Norström, 2006). Nevertheless, a higher level of detection of 89.5 and 74 per cent was reported by Van et al (2008) Only 13 per cent of the E. coli isolates obtained from chicken in Karnataka, India harboured tetB gene (Bhardwaj et al, 2021). The combined presence of both tetA and tetB was detected in 18.33 per cent of the isolates.…”

“…The results are in accordance with that of Skočková et al (2015), from Czech Republic, where the level of resistance to tetracycline was reported to be 34.5 per cent. However, studies by Ingram et al (2013), Chakravarty et al (2015) and Bhardwaj et al (2021) from Western Australia and different parts of India, respectively reported cent per cent resistance to tetracycline. Both the tetracycline resistant and intermediate susceptible isolates were subjected to PCR for the detection of tetA and tetB genes.…”

Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of ESBL-producing Klebsiella Pneumoniae from broiler chicken farms in Shandong Province, China

“…The isolation rate of K. pneumoniae in this study was 33/707, or 4.67%. For these isolates, the total isolation rate of K. pneumoniae was slightly lower than the 7.80% separation rate found on a poultry farm in India ( Bhardwaj et al, 2021 ), which in turn was lower than the detection rate of 25.80% found in broiler cecum samples by the Norwegian veterinary department in 2018 ( Franklin-Alming et al, 2021 ). The proportion is higher than that of bacteria isolated in Shandong dairy farms (1/233, 0.43%), but lower than the detection rate in Jiangsu dairy farms (7.83%) ( Yang et al, 2021 ).…”

“…A study in the Netherlands showed that antibiotic-resistance genes may be transmitted from poultry through the food chain to humans who are in close contact with them, as similar ESBL-producing isolates have been found in poultry meat and humans that are in close contact ( Leverstein-van Hall et al, 2011 ). In this study, the overall prevalence of ESBL genes in K. pneumoniae isolates was 100% (n = 33), a proportion that is higher than: that of a Shandong broiler slaughterhouse, where 96.67% (87/90) were ESBL-producing strains ( Wu et al, 2016 ); the ESBL production rate of a healthy meat and poultry farm in India (1/20, 5%) ( Bhardwaj et al, 2021 ); that of broiler liver from Algeria, where the proportion of ESBL isolates was 3.70% ( Chenouf et al, 2021 ); and Germany's separation rate of chicken meat, which was 17.50% (35/200) ( Eibach et al, 2018 ). The most common ESBL genes were bla SHV (n = 31/33, 93.94%), bla OXA64gp (n = 30/33, 90.91%), and bla TEM (n = 21/33, 63.64%).…”

Effects of Modified Atmosphere Packaging with Various CO2 Concentrations on the Bacterial Community and Shelf-Life of Smoked Chicken Legs

“…Methylobacterium is ubiquitous in nature and exists in various environments (such as soil, dust, fresh water, and laboratory environment) [ 31 ]. Klebsiella is a conditional pathogen that can cause pneumonia and widely exists in chickens, sheep, pigs, and other animals [ 32 ]. Psychrobacter is an aerobic bacterium that can grow readily under chilled conditions and has been identified as the main genus in roasted chicken that has been packaged in air [ 13 ].…”