The study was carried out to estimate the burden and pattern of antibiotic resistance and to identify antibiotic resistance genes with focus on ESBL producers, plasmid mediated quinolone resistance, and tetracycline efflux genes, in faecal bacterial isolates collected from poultry farms of coastal Southern Karnataka, India. High resistance to fluoroquinolones was observed with 94%
Escherichia coli
and 80%
Klebsiella pneumoniae
being resistant to both ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. All the
Escherichia coli
strains were resistant to tetracycline (100%). qnrB (38%) was the most common gene detected followed by qnrS (27%) and qnrA (21.5%). All
Klebsiella pneumoniae
isolates resistant to tetracycline harbored tetA gene. Most of the isolates in our study had high MAR indices indicating rampant use of antibiotics.
Aim:
The study was conducted to determine the knowledge, attitude/perceptions, and behavior of the community pharmacists in the Southern Karnataka district.
Settings and Design:
The study was a cross-sectional survey conducted with the help of a questionnaire containing open and close-ended questions and Likert-scale-based response items.
Materials and Methods:
Questionnaires were distributed to pharmacists by simple random sampling.
Statistical Analysis:
The data were analyzed by Fisher's test and Chi-square test for association between knowledge, attitude, and practices and sociodemographic categories.
Results:
Majority of the pharmacists considered the use of antibiotics in livestock and agriculture as the reason for antibiotic resistance. All of the pharmacists agreed that refusing to dispense antibiotics without prescription will negatively hit sales.
Conclusion:
It is imperative to educate pharmacists about rules and regulations regarding antibiotic dispensation. They need to be sensitized about the negative impact of nonprescription antibiotic use on antibiotic resistance and public health.
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