Research fields, challenges and opportunities in European oilseed crops breeding

Vincourt, Patrick

doi:10.1051/ocl/2014043

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Despite its genetic potential, sunflower has a productivity deficit compared with other crops, due to the fact that technical pathways were often not optimized resulting in poor health management of crops. To improve productivity, great hopes have been placed in genetics, notably on disease resistance (Vincourt, 2014). Genetic resistance has now been found for phoma, phomopsis, mildew, and broomrape, but the rapid evolution of pathogens requires continuous research.…”

Section: The Sunflower Industry In Francementioning

confidence: 99%

Eco-innovation in plant breeding: Insights from the sunflower industry

Galliano

Magrini

Tardy

et al. 2018

Journal of Cleaner Production

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Seeds are a major means for transforming farming systems and thus occupy a prominent place in the transition to more sustainable agriculture. This article analyses the conditions involved in creating and diffusing new plant breeds that have agroecological benefits, called ecoinnovation varieties. By combining theories on eco-innovation processes with various scales of analysis, this study makes an original contribution to understanding innovation and transformation dynamics in the seed industry. Drawing on a case study of the sunflower industry in France and in Europe, the findings reveal which factors promote and hinder ecoinnovation varieties. The results confirm the positive interactions between technology, regulation, and the market in eco-innovation processes. They also show that economic incentives for companies are insufficient to push them to develop more systemic eco-innovation varieties. Moreover, changes in the mainstream seed company regime, with the increasing internationalization of their strategies, call into question their ability to foster farming practices that promote the environmental benefits of these new varieties.

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Section: The Sunflower Industry In Francementioning

confidence: 99%

Eco-innovation in plant breeding: Insights from the sunflower industry

Galliano

Magrini

Tardy

et al. 2018

Journal of Cleaner Production

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“…Vincourt provided an extensive update on present breeding and research projects quite recently (Vincourt, 2014). Here, I will try to discuss changes over the last 50 years concerning the main breeding objectives and international collaboration.…”

Section: Breeding Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in sunflower breeding over the last fifty years

Vear¹

2016

OCL

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-This article discusses changes in sunflower breeding objectives since the introduction of hybrid varieties 50 years ago. After a reminder of the importance of some early programmes, Canadian in particular, the present situation for each breeding objective is compared with those encountered earlier. Breeding for yield has changed from maximum possible yield under intensive agriculture to yield with resistance to abiotic stresses, moderate droughts and shallow soils in particular, helped by collaboration with agronomists to produce crop models. Breeding for oil has changed from quantity to quality and the value of seed meal is again becoming economically important. Necessary disease resistances vary with agronomic practises and selection pressure on pathogens according to varietal genetics. The possibilities of new types of sunflower are also discussed. Advances in genomics will change breeding procedures, but with rapidly changing molecular techniques, international collaboration is particularly important.Keywords: Hybrid / yield / oil / disease resistance / genomics Résumé -Sélection du tournesol : tour d'horizon de 50 années d'évolution. Cet article discute des changements intervenus dans les objectifs de sélection du tournesol depuis l'introduction des variétés hybrides, il y a 50 ans. Après un rappel des premiers programmes, le canadien en particulier, la situation actuelle pour chaque objectif est comparée à celle rencontrée 50 ans auparavant. L'objectif de la sélection pour le rendement en grain ne vise plus en priorité un rendement maximum en conditions d'agriculture intensive mais un rendement maintenu sous stress abiotiques, séche-resses modérées ou sols peu profonds. Cette sélection est maintenant aidée par la collaboration avec des spécialistes en modélisation agronomique. La sélection relative à l'huile concerne maintenant plus souvent des qualités spécifiques que la teneur de la graine, tandis que le tourteau redevient de valeur économique significative. Les résistances aux maladies nécessaires pour les variétés actuelles varient selon les pratiques agricoles et les génétiques prépondérantes. La possibilité de changer radicalement d'architecture ou de cycle de culture est discutée. Les avances en génomiques vont modifier les procédures de sélection, mais une bonne collaboration internationale s'avère très importante vu les changements rapides dans les techniques moléculaires. Mots clés :Hybride / rendement / huile / résistance aux maladies / génomique

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“…Finally, for determination of intra-plant N allocation, N flux measurements based on isotope labeling techniques ( 15 N) allow precise assessment of N dynamics throughout a plant's organs. While several publications have dealt with nitrogen use efficiency in general (Moll et al 1982;Good et al 2004;Fageria and Baligar 2005;Hirel et al 2007;Xu et al 2012;Vincourt 2014;Han et al 2015) or have focused on special issues such as root-based approaches (Garnett et al 2009), here, we will focus on nitrogen use efficiency in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen use efficiency in rapeseed. A review

Bouchet

Laperche

Bissuel-Bélaygue

et al. 2016

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

173

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Mineral nitrogen fertilization has improved crop yield over the last century but has also caused air and water pollution. Reduction of nitrogen inputs and maintaining high yields are therefore essential to ensure a more sustainable agriculture. Improving the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of crops is therefore needed. Rapeseed, Brassica napus, depends on nitrogen fertilization due to its low NUE, with the ratio of plant nitrogen content to nitrogen supplied often not exceeding 60 %. Here, we review the major phenotypic traits associated with NUE in B. napus, with special emphasis on winter oilseed rape. We discuss the genetic diversity available and potential breeding strategies. The major points are the following: (1) rapeseed seed yield elaboration is complex, with overlapping phases of nitrogen uptake and remobilization during the crop cycle; (2) traits related to nitrogen uptake, such as root length and the amount of nitrogen absorbed after flowering, and traits related to nitrogen remobilization, such as the "staygreen" phenotype, have been identified as possible levers to improve NUE in rapeseed; (3) a substantial body of studies investigating the genetic control of NUE traits have already published and potential candidate genes identified; and (4) rapeseed genetic diversity may be enriched by exploiting interpopulation genetic variation and the closely related gene pools of Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea.

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Research fields, challenges and opportunities in European oilseed crops breeding

Cited by 7 publications

References 57 publications

Eco-innovation in plant breeding: Insights from the sunflower industry

Eco-innovation in plant breeding: Insights from the sunflower industry

Changes in sunflower breeding over the last fifty years

Nitrogen use efficiency in rapeseed. A review

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