Reproductive consequences of environment-driven variation in Adélie penguin breeding phenology

Emmerson, Louise; Pike, Rhonda; Southwell, Colin

doi:10.3354/meps09265

Cited by 39 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This interaction relationship points to the importance of local wind speed on either food resources or nest site conditions. A previous study of Adélie penguins in East Antarctica also linked interannual variation in breeding phenology to the AAO, air temperature, wind speed and direction (Emmerson et al 2011). This suggests our predictor variables are not unique to Adélie chicks at Humble Island and can impact many parts of the Adélie life cycle.…”

Section: Climate and Weather Interaction Predictor Variables Of Cfmmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…For example, Adélie penguins Pygoscelis adeliae are a circum-Antarctic, sea-ice-dependent species whose populations have declined precipitously throughout the northern WAP (Ainley 2002). The hypothesized main drivers of the trends in Adélie penguin populations and demographics include large-scale climate shifts, local weather, and food availability (Patterson et al 2003, Forcada & Trathan 2009, Emmerson et al 2011, Trivelpiece et al 2011. To gain insight into Antarctic ecosystem function in a region of rapid change, the long-term trend, and also the drivers of interannual ecosystem variability must be elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Large-scale climate and local weather drive interannual variability in Adélie penguin chick fledging mass

Cimino¹,

Fraser²,

Patterson‐Fraser³

et al. 2014

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The fledging mass of penguin chicks can be an indicator of food availability and environmental conditions at a penguin colony. For the period 1989 to 2011, we analyzed predictor variables of environmental and food resource factors acting on multiple spatial scales near Palmer Station, Antarctica, that may influence the interannual variability in Adélie penguin chick fledging mass (CFM). To understand the influence of parental Adélie penguin diet on CFM, we modeled the energy density and krill demographics of penguin diet samples. We found a weak but significant positive relationship between the proportion of immature krill in adult penguin diets and CFM, which may indicate that krill recruitment and prey availability to adults influences CFM. However, the impact of large-scale climate and local weather outweighed the impact of parental diet characteristics on CFM. CFM was negatively associated with a positive Antarctic Oscillation (or Southern Annular Mode) and increased westerly winds and was positively associated with increased air temperature. The mechanistic relationship between climate, local weather, and CFM could include direct and indirect impacts, such as increased thermo-regulative costs for unattended chicks, decreased chick feeding frequency, and smaller meal mass for chicks driven by the geophysical transport of krill by climate and wind events.

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Section: Climate and Weather Interaction Predictor Variables Of Cfmmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-scale climate and local weather drive interannual variability in Adélie penguin chick fledging mass

Cimino¹,

Fraser²,

Patterson‐Fraser³

et al. 2014

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Penguins Pygoscelis adeliae arrive later at their breeding colonies on Béchervaise Island, East Antarctica (Emmerson et al 2011). Although later arrival did not appear to influence breeding success, it did lead to reduced courtship and egg-laying, later clutch initiation, later parent departure for foraging trips and later chick-hatching.…”

Section: Seabird Migration Phenologymentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Similarly, migration timing in the penguins located in the Antarctic and subantarctic has not changed significantly over time (Barbraud and Weimerskirch 2006;Crawford et al 2006;Emmerson et al 2011;Saraux et al 2011) though breeding and migration timing are known to vary by latitude (Ainley 2002;Emmerson et al 2011).…”

Section: Seabird Migration Phenologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate as a driver of phenological change in southern seabirds

et al. 2013

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Seabirds are one of the most threatened groups of birds globally and, overall, their conservation status is deteriorating rapidly. Southern hemisphere countries are overrepresented in the number of species of conservation concern yet long-term phenological data on seabirds in the southern hemisphere is limited. A better understanding of the implications of changes in the marine and terrestrial environments to seabird species is required in order to improve their management and conservation status. Here we conducted a meta-analysis of the phenological drivers and trends among southern hemisphere seabirds. Overall there was a general trend towards later phenological events over time (34 % of all data series, N = 47; 67 % of all significant trends), though this varied by taxa and location. The strongest trends towards later events were for seabirds breeding in Australia, the Laridae (gulls, noddies, terns) and migratory southern polar seabirds. In contrast, earlier phenologies were more often observed for the Spheniscidae (penguins) and for other seabirds breeding in the Antarctic and subantarctic. Phenological changes were most often associated with changes in oceanographic conditions, with sea-ice playing an important role for more southerly species.For some species in some locations, such as the Little Penguin Eudyptula minor in southeastern Australia, warmer oceans projected under various climate change scenarios are expected to correspond to increased seabird productivity, manifested through earlier breeding, heavier chicks, an increased chance of double brooding, at least in the short-term.

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“…How can these behavioral changes be explained? Several studies on seabirds have shown that mass gain at sea is positively related to foraging trip duration (e.g., Weimerskirch 1995; Barlow and Croxall 2002;Emmerson et al 2011), because foraging trip lengths may vary depending on food availability and foraging success (e.g. , Cairns 1987;Williams 1995).…”

Section: Foraging Trip Durationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasticity in the foraging behavior of male Southern Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome) during incubation in the Falkland/Malvinas Islands

Pütz¹,

Harris

Ratcliffe

et al. 2018

Polar Biol

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Environmental changes often affect the persistence of species or populations at different spatial and temporal scales. Thus, species must either adapt to these changes or experience negative impacts at the individual or population levels. Southern Rockhopper Penguins Eudyptes chrysocome are distributed throughout the Southern Ocean and have experienced substantial declines in the past which were linked to various anthropogenic and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the foraging behavior of male Southern Rockhopper Penguins at Berkeley Sound, East Falkland, Falkland/ Malvinas Islands, during incubation, a period at-sea which is crucial for replenishing body condition between two extended fasting periods ashore. Thus, birds are forced to forage efficiently during that time to balance their energy demands. We linked their at-sea distribution and foraging behavior to satellite-derived sea surface temperatures and temperature-depth profiles which were recorded by devices attached to the birds. While Southern Rockhopper Penguins usually travel several hundreds of km out into the open sea on multiple-day trips during incubation, we found in our study that most birds foraged close inshore, less than 9 km away from their colony, and regularly returned to their breeding site. We propose that this behavior occurred in response to the close proximity of the 8 °C SST isotherm and the vertical stratification of the waters therein. Also, while usually feeding pelagically in open waters, there are strong indications that Southern Rockhopper Penguins performed benthic or, at least, near-bottom dives to catch their prey during these short trips. The consequences of this behavioral plasticity in response to variations in sea temperatures and inferred prey availability are discussed, especially with regard to predicted global climate change.

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Reproductive consequences of environment-driven variation in Adélie penguin breeding phenology

Cited by 39 publications

References 45 publications

Large-scale climate and local weather drive interannual variability in Adélie penguin chick fledging mass

Large-scale climate and local weather drive interannual variability in Adélie penguin chick fledging mass

Climate as a driver of phenological change in southern seabirds

Plasticity in the foraging behavior of male Southern Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome) during incubation in the Falkland/Malvinas Islands

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