Reproducibility of maximal exercise test data in the HERITAGE Family Study

Skinner, James S.; Wilmore, K. M.; Jaskólska, Anna; Jaskólski, Artur; Daw, E. Warwick; Rice, Treva; Gagnon, Jacques; Leon, Arthur S.; Wilmore, Jack H.; Rao, D. C.; Bouchard, Claude

doi:10.1097/00005768-199911000-00020

Cited by 88 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For example, both maximal and submaximal cardiorespiratory endurance phenotypes are derived from two separate tests both before and after the training program. As reported previously (30,39), the intraclass correlation coefficients for repeated measurements of the fitness phenotypes are high, ranging from 0.76 to 0.99. The coefficient for V O 2 max reached 0.97 (30).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Angiotensin-converting enzyme ID polymorphism and fitness phenotype in the HERITAGE Family Study

Rankinen

Pérusse

Gagnon

et al. 2000

Journal of Applied Physiology

Self Cite

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

.-It has been suggested that genetic variation in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene is associated with physical performance. We studied the association between the ACE insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism and several fitness phenotypes measured before and after 20 wk of a standardized endurance training program in sedentary Caucasian (n ϭ 476) and black (n ϭ 248) subjects. Phenotypes measured were oxygen uptake (V O 2 ), work rate, heart rate, minute ventilation, tidal volume, and blood lactate levels during maximal and submaximal [50 W and at 60 and 80% of maximal V O 2 (V O 2 max )] exercise and stroke volume and cardiac output during submaximal exercise (50 W and at 60% V O 2 max ). The ACE ID polymorphism was typed with the three-primer PCR method. Out of 216 association tests performed on 54 phenotypes in 4 groups of participants, only 11 showed significant (P values from 0.042 to 0.0001) associations with the ACE ID polymorphism. In contrast to previous claims, in Caucasian offspring, the DD homozygotes showed a 14-38% greater increase with training in V O 2 max , V O 2 at 80% of V O 2 max , and all work rate phenotypes and a 36% greater decrease in heart rate at 50 W than did the II homozygotes. No associations were evident in Caucasian parents or black parents or offspring. Thus these data do not support the hypothesis that the ACE ID polymorphism plays a major role in cardiorespiratory endurance. candidate gene; exercise training; responsiveness; insertion/ deletion polymorphism A HIGH LEVEL OF AEROBIC FITNESS is an essential requirement for success in endurance sports. In addition, several studies have shown that a low level of cardiorespiratory endurance is associated with an increased risk for several degenerative diseases (2, 10, 18, 19). Cardiorespiratory fitness, for which maximal oxygen consumption (V O 2 max ) is traditionally recognized as the gold standard, is a multifactorial phenotype influenced by several genetic and environmental factors. Among the environmental factors, regular physical activity is the major contributor to the V O 2 max level. However, several exercise training studies have shown that there are marked interindividual differences in the trainability of cardiorespiratory endurance phenotypes after exposure to an identical training program. For example, after supervised training programs of 15-20 wk in 47 healthy young men, the training responses of V O 2 max ranged from almost no change to an increase of almost 1 liter (3). Similarly, the improvements in total work output during a 90-min ergometer test ranged from 16 to 97% after 20 wk of standardized endurance training (22).This individual variability in exercise responses has been described as a normal biological phenomenon that may reflect genetic diversity (3). Both twin and family studies support the hypothesis of a significant genetic effect on V O 2 max in the sedentary state and other fitness phenotypes. The intrapair resemblance for cardiorespiratory endurance phenotypes is significantly higher in mon...

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…As reported previously (30,39), the intraclass correlation coefficients for repeated measurements of the fitness phenotypes are high, ranging from 0.76 to 0.99. The coefficient for V O 2 max reached 0.97 (30).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Angiotensin-converting enzyme ID polymorphism and fitness phenotype in the HERITAGE Family Study

Rankinen

Pérusse

Gagnon

et al. 2000

Journal of Applied Physiology

Self Cite

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The program has been described in detail elsewhere. 10 Phenotype measurements A complete battery of tests was administered both prior to (baseline) and after (post) training. Body composition measures included hydrostatic weight, residual volume, and body density, from which fat mass and fat-free mass were estimated.…”

Section: Endurance Exercise Training Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions among the β2- and β3- adrenergic receptor genes and total body fat and abdominal fat level in the HERITAGE Family Study

et al. 2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTS:Interactions between markers in the b2-and b3-adrenergic receptor (ADR) genes and total body fat and computerized tomography-measured abdominal fat phenotypes were studied in the HERITAGE Family Study cohort of Black (n ¼ 205; 81 males and 124 females) and White (n ¼ 415; 198 males and 217 females) subjects before and after an endurance training program. RESULTS: In Black subjects, b2-and b3-ADR gene variants showed evidence of interactions on changes in total body fat mass and abdominal fat area (Po0.005 and ¼ 0.010, respectively). Black subjects who were carriers of both b2-ADR Arg16 and b3-ADR Arg64 alleles had a greater decrease in total fat mass as well as abdominal total and subcutaneous, but not visceral fat areas in response to endurance training than subjects with other genotype combinations (P from 0.011 to 0.047). After correction for multiple tests, the findings remained essentially unchanged for total body fat mass and abdominal fat area, but became nonsignificant for subcutaneous fat area. The changes in abdominal fat correlated positively with the changes in fat mass (Po0.0001). The interactions between b2 and b3-ADR gene markers accounted for a maximum of 3% of the variances in the response of total fat mass and abdominal fat area to endurance training in Black subjects but it was not significant in White subjects. CONCLUSION: Interactions between sequence variants in the b2-b3-ADR gene contributed to the changes in fat mass and abdominal adiposity in response to endurance training in Black subjects.

show abstract

“…It should also be pointed out that V O 2max is typically highly reproducible for a given individual assuming there are not major changes in physical activity or body composition (168,444,463). However, on average, V O 2max typically declines by ϳ10% per decade starting at age 30 (65,188,227,362).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Increased Blood Flow (Hyperemia) to Muscles During Exercise: A Hierarchy of Competing Physiological Needs

Joyner

Casey

2015

Physiological Reviews

554

513

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

LJoyner MJ, Casey DP. Regulation of Increased Blood Flow (Hyperemia) to Muscles During Exercise: A Hierarchy of Competing Physiological Needs. Physiol Rev 95: 549 -601, 2015; doi:10.1152/physrev.00035.2013.-This review focuses on how blood flow to contracting skeletal muscles is regulated during exercise in humans. The idea is that blood flow to the contracting muscles links oxygen in the atmosphere with the contracting muscles where it is consumed. In this context, we take a top down approach and review the basics of oxygen consumption at rest and during exercise in humans, how these values change with training, and the systemic hemodynamic adaptations that support them. We highlight the very high muscle blood flow responses to exercise discovered in the 1980s. We also discuss the vasodilating factors in the contracting muscles responsible for these very high flows. Finally, the competition between demand for blood flow by contracting muscles and maximum systemic cardiac output is discussed as a potential challenge to blood pressure regulation during heavy large muscle mass or whole body exercise in humans. At this time, no one dominant dilator mechanism accounts for exercise hyperemia. Additionally, complex interactions between the sympathetic nervous system and the microcirculation facilitate high levels of systemic oxygen extraction and permit just enough sympathetic control of blood flow to contracting muscles to regulate blood pressure during large muscle mass exercise in humans.

show abstract

Reproducibility of maximal exercise test data in the HERITAGE Family Study

Abstract: Day-to-day variations are small and reproducibility is high for maximal values of heart rate, ventilation, VO2 and VCO2 at each of the four Clinical Centers of the HERITAGE Family Study.

Cited by 88 publications

References 13 publications

Angiotensin-converting enzyme ID polymorphism and fitness phenotype in the HERITAGE Family Study

Angiotensin-converting enzyme ID polymorphism and fitness phenotype in the HERITAGE Family Study

Interactions among the β2- and β3- adrenergic receptor genes and total body fat and abdominal fat level in the HERITAGE Family Study

Regulation of Increased Blood Flow (Hyperemia) to Muscles During Exercise: A Hierarchy of Competing Physiological Needs

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About