Angiotensin-converting enzyme ID polymorphism and fitness phenotype in the HERITAGE Family Study

Abstract

.-It has been suggested that genetic variation in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene is associated with physical performance. We studied the association between the ACE insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism and several fitness phenotypes measured before and after 20 wk of a standardized endurance training program in sedentary Caucasian (n ϭ 476) and black (n ϭ 248) subjects. Phenotypes measured were oxygen uptake (V O 2 ), work rate, heart rate, minute ventilation, tidal volume, and blood lactate levels during maximal and submaximal [50 W and at 60 and 80% of maximal V O 2 (V O 2 max )] exercise and stroke volume and cardiac output during submaximal exercise (50 W and at 60% V O 2 max ). The ACE ID polymorphism was typed with the three-primer PCR method. Out of 216 association tests performed on 54 phenotypes in 4 groups of participants, only 11 showed significant (P values from 0.042 to 0.0001) associations with the ACE ID polymorphism. In contrast to previous claims, in Caucasian offspring, the DD homozygotes showed a 14-38% greater increase with training in V O 2 max , V O 2 at 80% of V O 2 max , and all work rate phenotypes and a 36% greater decrease in heart rate at 50 W than did the II homozygotes. No associations were evident in Caucasian parents or black parents or offspring. Thus these data do not support the hypothesis that the ACE ID polymorphism plays a major role in cardiorespiratory endurance. candidate gene; exercise training; responsiveness; insertion/ deletion polymorphism A HIGH LEVEL OF AEROBIC FITNESS is an essential requirement for success in endurance sports. In addition, several studies have shown that a low level of cardiorespiratory endurance is associated with an increased risk for several degenerative diseases (2, 10, 18, 19). Cardiorespiratory fitness, for which maximal oxygen consumption (V O 2 max ) is traditionally recognized as the gold standard, is a multifactorial phenotype influenced by several genetic and environmental factors. Among the environmental factors, regular physical activity is the major contributor to the V O 2 max level. However, several exercise training studies have shown that there are marked interindividual differences in the trainability of cardiorespiratory endurance phenotypes after exposure to an identical training program. For example, after supervised training programs of 15-20 wk in 47 healthy young men, the training responses of V O 2 max ranged from almost no change to an increase of almost 1 liter (3). Similarly, the improvements in total work output during a 90-min ergometer test ranged from 16 to 97% after 20 wk of standardized endurance training (22).This individual variability in exercise responses has been described as a normal biological phenomenon that may reflect genetic diversity (3). Both twin and family studies support the hypothesis of a significant genetic effect on V O 2 max in the sedentary state and other fitness phenotypes. The intrapair resemblance for cardiorespiratory endurance phenotypes is significantly higher in mon...

ACE gene, physical activity, and physical fitness

“…Thus evidence suggests that the D allele might predispose an individual to successful performance in particular sporting events. Although we acknowledge that there is some important contradictory evidence (10,11), there is also considerable evidence associating the I allele with certain endurance phenotypes (5,12,13) and with elite endurance status (3,7,8). Hence, evidence suggests that the I allele, in addition to the D allele, might predispose an individual to successful performance in particular sporting events.…”

A influência do genótipo da ECA sobre a aptidão cardiovascular de jovens do sexo masculino moderadamente ativos

“…running economy) that could be influenced by other genes. Therefore, given the number of associations reported for every allele with different physiological functions before and after training 7,8,10,26 , it may be suggested that the specific demands of every testing condition could be interacting with the individuals' fitness level thus modifying the role of the ACE genotype on physical fitness (i.e. VO 2max ) and subsequent performance (i.e.…”

Athletic Performance and Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Gene: Review

“…43 ADE DD genotipli kişilerin maxVO 2 gerektiren kısa süreli aerobik dayanıklılık sporlarında daha iyi performansa ve dolayısıyla daha yüksek maxVO 2 düzeyine sahip olduğu saptanmıştır. 44,42 Rankinen ve ark., beyaz (476) ve siyah (248) ırktan oluşan büyük heterojen grubun içinde yer alan beyaz ebeveynlerden, ADE DD genotipine sahip olanların antrenmanlara daha yüksek maxVO 2 artışı ile yanıt verdiğini saptamışlardır. 44 Benzer şekilde Çin'de yapılan çalışmada, ADE DD genotipli erkek üniversite öğrencilerinin, antrenmanlara yanıt olarak daha fazla maxVO 2 artışı gösterdiği belirlenmiştir.…”