Report: Operational experiences and legal aspects of co-combustion in Germany

Abstract

From 2000-2001, a project entitled "Analysis of effects on environment from waste incineration in industrial facilities" was undertaken by Prognos AG. The project was funded by the German Environmental Agency and the North Rhine-Westphalian Ministry for Environment and Conservation, Agriculture and Consumer Protection. This paper presents a summary of the main results. The most important industrial processes with practised waste-to-energy are identified, respectively cement kilns, steel works, installations in the non ferrous industry and large combustion plants. The amount of waste being co-incinerated is determined in permitting procedures. In general the volume of permitted and practised co-incineration is increasing in Germany. For the greatest possible use of waste it is necessary to establish suitable measures to prevent or to limit, as far as possible, environmental pollution. Emission limit values are determined according to the requirements set out in the German Standards, 17th BImSchV and TA Luft. Plant operators meet generally the air emission limit values fixed in the respective granted permits.

Home and community composting for on-site treatment of urban organic waste: perspective for Europe and Canada

“…Individual country policies have influenced the level of diversion and the technology preferred for this diversion. Incineration is not widely used because of issues of atmospheric emissions and the fact that the high moisture content of UOW reduces the caloric value of the process (Zsigraiová et al 2005;El Asri & Baxter 2004;Marton & Alwast 2002;Environment Canada, 2009). While in the EUG1 countries, 21 % of all MSW was incinerated in 2005, less than 6 % was treated by this process in the EUG2 and Canada (EEA, 2009).…”

Chemicals and Allied Products

“…The most important industrial processes with practiced waste-to-energy (cement kilns, steel works, installations in the nonferrous industry and large combustion plant) were identified, respectively. Emission limit values were determined according to the requirements set out in the Germany standards (Marton and Alwast, 2002). results to published observational data and by performing sensitivity analyses (Tsiros, 2002).…”

Release of Sulfur and Chlorine during Cofiring RDF and Coal in an Internally Circulating Fluidized Bed

“…One of the potential applications of RDF is cofiring with coal instead of some coal in the boiler. The faction of RDF in fuels has shared a 5−40% heating value in some boilers. − Because of the high content of volatiles in RDF (more than 70%), a large quantity of volatiles will release during RDF incineration, which is likely to cause unburnout of gaseous matters and induce the emissions (e.g., CO and dioxin) to exceed the environmental standard. The emissions (e.g., CO, SO 2 , and NO x ) of pollutants, PCDDs/Fs, and heavy metals have been investigated and evaluated. − Results show that, as compared to firing pure waste, cofiring may reduce the concentration of emissions.…”