Report on Biomass Drying Technology

Amos, Wade A.

doi:10.2172/9548

Cited by 48 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…On the other hand, steam dryers pose less of a fire hazard and emit no air emissions. The disadvantages of steam dryers are higher capital costs and small particle size requirement [24]. This study assumes that biomass is steam dried to 7% moisture.…”

Section: Dryingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno-economic analysis of biomass fast pyrolysis to transportation fuels

Wright

Daugaard

Satrio

et al. 2010

Fuel

605

237

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Printed on paper containing at least 50% wastepaper, including 10% post consumer waste.iii ForewordThe purpose of this techno-economic analysis is to determine the economics of converting biomass to transportation fuel components via fast pyrolysis. Every effort has been made to place this analysis on an equivalent basis with other biomass conversion technologies analyzed in separate reports by using common assumptions. The process design and parameter value choices underlying this analysis are exclusively based on public domain literature. Accordingly, the results should not be interpreted as optimal performance of mature technology, but as the most likely performance given the current state of public knowledge. Executive SummaryThe purpose of this study is to develop techno-economic models for assessment of the conversion of biomass to valuable fuel products via fast pyrolysis and bio-oil upgrading. Liquefaction of biomass by fast pyrolysis and subsequent upgrading of the resulting pyrolysis oil (bio-oil) by hydrotreating and hydrocracking-refinery processes that use hydrogen to remove impurities and break large molecules down to smaller ones-is a promising means for producing renewable transportation fuel. The upgrading process assessed in this study produces a mixture of naphtha-range (gasoline blend stock) and diesel-range (diesel blend stock) products. This study develops techno-economic models and uses them to analyze the economics of two scenarios. In one, hydrogen needed for the upgrade process is produced onsite by reforming biooil. In the other, the hydrogen is purchased from an outside source.Both scenarios are based on a fast pyrolysis plant with bio-oil upgrading using 2,000 metric tons per day (MT/day) of corn stover feedstock. Major assumptions made for this analysis match those of companion analyses for producing transportation fuel from biomass via biochemical and gasification technologies. Product value-defined as the value of the product needed for a net present value of zero with a 10% internal rate of return-is first calculated for a mature industry or n th plant and then adjusted for a pioneer plant or one of the first of its kind.The study results indicate that petroleum fractions in the naphtha distillation range and in the diesel distillation range are produced from corn stover at a product value of $3.09/gal ($0.82/liter) with onsite hydrogen production or $2.11/gal ($0.56/liter) with hydrogen purchase. These values correspond to a $0.83/gal ($0.21/liter) cost to produce the bio-oil. Based on these n th plant numbers, product value for a pioneer hydrogen-producing plant is about $6.55/gal ($1.73/liter) and for a pioneer hydrogen-purchasing plant is about $3.41/ gal ($0.92/liter). Although these results suggest that pyrolysis-derived biofuels are competitive with other alternative fuels, the technology is relatively immature, resulting in a high level of uncertainty in these estimates.Capital costs for integrated hydrogen production are estimated at $287 million with a fuel yield of 35...

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Section: Dryingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno-economic analysis of biomass fast pyrolysis to transportation fuels

Wright

Daugaard

Satrio

et al. 2010

Fuel

605

237

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“…The main benefit of drying biomass is to avoid using energy within the gasifier to heat and dry the feedstock [21]. Drier biomass also makes for more stable temperature control within the gasifier.…”

Section: Biomass Preprocessingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They have high capacity but require long residence times. In addition, rotary dryers have a high fire hazard when using flue gas [21]. To avoid using flue gas, rotary dryers can use superheated steam, essentially an inert gas, when a combined-cycle heat and power system is used downstream.…”

Section: Biomass Preprocessingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno-Economic Analysis of Biofuels Production Based on Gasification

Swanson¹,

Platon²,

Satrio³

et al. 2010

130

151

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Printed on paper containing at least 50% wastepaper, including 10% post consumer waste.iii ForewordThe purpose of this techno-economic analysis is to compare a set of biofuel conversion technologies selected for their promise and near-term technical viability. Every effort is made to make this comparison on an equivalent basis using common assumptions. The process design and parameter value choices underlying this analysis are based on public domain literature only. For these reasons, these results are not indicative of potential performance, but are meant to represent the most likely performance given the current state of public knowledge. iv List of Acronyms Executive SummaryThis study compares capital and production costs of two biomass-to-liquid production plants based on gasification. The goal is to produce liquid transportation fuels via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis with electricity as a co-product. The biorefineries are fed by 2,000 metric tons per day of corn stover. The first biorefinery scenario is an oxygen-fed, low-temperature (870°C), nonslagging, fluidized bed gasifier. The second scenario is an oxygen-fed, high-temperature (1,300°C), slagging, entrained flow gasifier. Both are followed by catalytic Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and hydroprocessing to naphtha-range (gasoline blend stock) and distillate-range (diesel blend stock) liquid fractions. (Hydroprocessing is a set of refinery processes that removes impurities and breaks down large molecules to fractions suitable for use in commercial formulations.)Process modeling software (Aspen Plus) is utilized to organize the mass and energy streams and cost estimation software is used to generate equipment costs. Economic analysis is performed to estimate the capital investment and operating costs. A 20-year discounted cash flow rate of return analysis is developed to estimate a fuel product value (PV) at a net present value of zero with 10% internal rate of return. All costs are adjusted to the year 2007. The technology is limited to commercial technology available for implementation in the next 5-8 years, and as a result, the process design is restricted to available rather than projected data.Results show that the total capital investment required for n th plant scenarios is $610 million and $500 million for high-temperature and low-temperature scenarios, respectively. PV for the hightemperature and low-temperature scenarios is estimated to be $4.30 and $4.80 per gallon of gasoline equivalent (GGE), respectively, based on a feedstock cost of $75 per dry short ton. The main reason for a difference in PV between the scenarios is because of a higher carbon efficiency and subsequent higher fuel yield for the high-temperature scenario. Sensitivity analysis is also performed on process and economic parameters. This analysis shows that total capital investment and feedstock cost are among the most influential parameters affecting the PV, while least influential parameters include per-pass Fischer-Tropsch-reaction-conversion extent, inlet feedstock moisture, and ...

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“…The gasifier is of the downdraft type, in isothermal, steady-state conditions and chemical reactions reach their equilibrium [18][19][20][21]. MSW at the ambient conditions (T = 15 °C and p = 1.013 bar), with a rate of = 130 kg/h after drying and moisture content 10% [22] enters a downdraft gasifier. The gasifier, where the decomposition of the fuel takes place followed by the combustion and gasification processes, operates at 800 °C and in atmospheric pressure.…”

Section: Gasification Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tri-generation System based on Municipal Waste Gasification, Fuel Cell and an Absorption Chiller

Katsaros¹,

Nguyen²,

Rokni³

2017

J. sustain. dev. energy water environ. syst.

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Cite as: Katsaros, G., Nguyen, T.-V., Rokni, M., Tri-generation System based on Municipal Waste Gasification, Fuel Cell and an Absorption Chiller, J. sustain. dev. energy water environ. syst., 6(1), pp 13-32, 2018, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.13044/j.sdewes.d5.0172 ABSTRACTThe present work focuses on the design of a novel tri-generation system based on gasification of municipal solid wastes, a solid oxide fuel cell and an ammonia-water absorption chiller. Tri-generation systems can be implemented in buildings such as hospitals and hotels, where there is a continuous and large demand for electricity, heating and cooling. The system is modelled in Aspen Plus and the influence of different operating parameters on the system performance was studied. The findings suggest that low air equivalent ratios and high gasification temperatures enhance the overall system performance. Syngas cleaning with metal sorbents zinc oxide and sodium bicarbonate for the removal of hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen chloride concentrations proved to be very effective, reducing the concentration of contaminants to < 1 ppm (part per million) levels. The possibility of covering the demand profiles of a specific building was also investigated: the system could fully meet the electricity and cooling demands, whereas the heat requirements could be satisfied only up to 55%. Moreover, assuming 20 years of operation, the payback period was 4.5 years and the net present value exceeded 5 million euros.

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Report on Biomass Drying Technology

Cited by 48 publications

References 0 publications

Techno-economic analysis of biomass fast pyrolysis to transportation fuels

Techno-economic analysis of biomass fast pyrolysis to transportation fuels

Techno-Economic Analysis of Biofuels Production Based on Gasification

Tri-generation System based on Municipal Waste Gasification, Fuel Cell and an Absorption Chiller

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