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ByM. Y R a i e , M . A h m a d , I . A h m a d , S . A . K h a n a n d S . A . A t h a r J a f r i ' Eight varieties of cottonseed cultivated inPakistan have been studied. These contain 1 1.6-24.0O10 oil and their fatty acidcompositionasdetermined byG.L.C.isC1, ~)(0.7-2.0"/11),C~~: I (O-0.3°/o),C~~,~)(28.3-43.1~~/o),C~~: 1 (0.3-(0.2-0.3%). 2.7'%)), Clx,o (0.3-8.5"/0), Clx,l (16.%32.0%), C1x:V (31.3-41.2V0) and C2,,:0
ByM. Y R a i e , M . A h m a d , I . A h m a d , S . A . K h a n a n d S . A . A t h a r J a f r i ' Eight varieties of cottonseed cultivated inPakistan have been studied. These contain 1 1.6-24.0O10 oil and their fatty acidcompositionasdetermined byG.L.C.isC1, ~)(0.7-2.0"/11),C~~: I (O-0.3°/o),C~~,~)(28.3-43.1~~/o),C~~: 1 (0.3-(0.2-0.3%). 2.7'%)), Clx,o (0.3-8.5"/0), Clx,l (16.%32.0%), C1x:V (31.3-41.2V0) and C2,,:0
T HE increasing use of solvents in the processing of vegetable oil-bearing materials and of vegetable oils has created a definite need for complete density data for oil-solvent mixtures over a wide range of temperatures. Such data have been reported (1, 2) for binary mixtures of cottonseed, peanut, and soybean oils, each with one or more of the following solvents: commercial hexane, acetone, 2-butanone, ethylene dichloride, and trichloroethylene. This report extends the data to mixtures of cottonseed oil with methyl pentane, diethyl ether, trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene. An equation has been derived which makes it possible to adjust these data , Cloudy. SO that they apply with reasonable accuracy to other refined and crude cottonseed oils, and even to soybean and peanut systems with corresponding solvents.Density determinations were made for 11 different concentrations of oil in each solvent varying from 0 to 100% by weight at a number of temperatures from the point of incipient phase separation to within 10 ~ to 15~ of the boiling point of the solvent. The technique and procedure used were the same as previously described (1).The cottonseed oil was a commercial unwinterized, refined, bleached, and deodorized oil, which had a Wijs iodine value of 108, a free fatty acid content of 0.2% as oleic acid, and a peroxide number of 16 millimoles per kilogram. The diethyl ether was an anhydrous analytical reagent grade meeting A.C.S. specifications. The methyl pentane, trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene were current technical grades. 4 Density-Composition DataThe experimental data for the various binary systems are given in Tables I, II, II, and IV. For each system the density values were plotted against the temperature for each composition investigated. This results in a series of almost straight lines, as exemplified by Figure 1, which represents the data for the 6.o0 system cottonseed oil-methyl pentane. From these
SummaryAn investigation of the removal of soap from neutralized vegetable oils by washing with water has shown that some oils are obtained practically soap‐free after only one water wash whereas the soap in other oils cannot be removed even by repeated washing. Coconut, palm, and olive oils are easily washed whereas linseed and rapeseed oils are not. Peanut, sunflowerseed, soybean, and cottonseed oils are sometimes washable and sometimes not.With unwashable oils different methods for soap determination give inconsistent results because calcium and magnesium soaps, or other naturally‐occurring compounds of these metals, are not determined to the same extent by these methods. Calcium and magnesium in the crude oils are probably combined with phosphatides or other lipids and remain to some extent in this state after neutralization. Calcium and magnesium present as soaps or as any other compound may be detected easily in crude, neutralized, and washed oils by the titration method of Wolff.Washability of neutralized oils may be improved in a number of ways; the most efficient is pre‐treatment with concentrated phosphoric acid or re‐refining with a mixture of sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate. Either of these treatments can be applied in batch or continuous refining processes. To prevent contamination of washable oils with calcium and magnesium, soft water should be used for washing and in preparation of refining solutions.
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