Repellent Properties of δ-Octalactone Against the Tsetse Fly,<i>Glossina morsitans Morsitans</i>

Mwangi, Martin T.; Gikonyo, Nicholas K.; Ndiege, Isaiah O.

doi:10.1673/031.008.4301

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…We therefore expanded our test odorant set to include 16 chemically diverse odorants not known to act as pheromones. These odorants include human and animal odorants and compounds previously shown either to attract (1-octen-3-ol and acetone) or repel (δ-nonalactone) G. morsitans (16). All odorants were tested at 10 −2 dilutions in paraffin oil (1% vol/vol), following a precedent set in other studies (10,17), except for methyl laurate, which was used neat.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Odor coding in the antenna of the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans

Soni

Chahda

Carlson

2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Tsetse flies transmit trypanosomiasis to humans and livestock across much of sub-Saharan Africa. Tsetse are attracted by olfactory cues emanating from their hosts. However, remarkably little is known about the cellular basis of olfaction in tsetse. We have carried out a systematic physiological analysis of theGlossina morsitansantenna. We identify 7 functional classes of olfactory sensilla that respond to human or animal odorants, CO2, sex and alarm pheromones, or other odorants known to attract or repel tsetse. Sensilla differ in their response spectra, show both excitatory and inhibitory responses, and exhibit different response dynamics to different odor stimuli. We find striking differences between the functional organization of the tsetse fly antenna and that of the fruit flyDrosophila melanogaster. One morphological type of sensilla has a different function in the 2 species: Trichoid sensilla respond to pheromones inDrosophilabut respond to a wide diversity of compounds inG. morsitans.In contrast toDrosophila, all testedG. morsitanssensilla that show excitatory responses are excited by one odorant, 1-octen-3-ol, which is contained in host emanations. The response profiles of some classes of sensilla are distinct but strongly correlated, unlike the organization described in theDrosophilaantenna. Taken together, this study defines elements that likely mediate the attraction of tsetse to its hosts and that might be manipulated as a means of controlling the fly and the diseases it transmits.

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Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Odor coding in the antenna of the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans

Soni

Chahda

Carlson

2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…They suggested that these differences were due to allomones unique to waterbuck. Further investigations showed that the chemical profiles of waterbuck and buffalo differ (Gikonyo et al 2002), that tsetse show electrophysiological responses to these chemicals (Gikonyo et al 2003) and that some of these chemicals elicit upwind flight in olfactometers (Gikonyo et al 2003, Mwangi et al 2008. Curiously, the bioassays of putative allomones did…”

Section: The Role Of Olfaction In Host Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfaction in vector-host interactions

Takken¹,

Knols²

2010

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“…Similarly, animal hosts of disease vectors also produce volatiles that protect them from attacks and threats of their enemies. For instance, 3-cresol, guaiacol, geranylacetone, pentanoic acid and δ-octalactone, have been reported to be tsetse fly repellents that are produced by the waterbuck (a non-preferred host) and protect it from attack by the tsetse flies [48,[78][79][80]. Waterbuck allomones have been shown to have the potential of protecting oxen from tsetse flies [80].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Semiochemical signatures associated with differential attraction of Anopheles gambiae to human feet

2021

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Background Several human-produced volatiles have been reported to mediate the host-seeking process under laboratory conditions, yet no effective lure or repellent has been developed for field application. Previously, we found a gradation of the attractiveness of foot odors of different malaria free individuals to Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto Giles. In this study, foot odor of the individual with the most attractive ‘smelly’ feet to the An. gambiae was collected, analyzed and attractive blend components identified. Methods The foot odor of the individual with the most attractive ‘smelly’ feet to the An. gambiae was trapped on Porapak Q and analyzed by gas chromatography-linked mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Specific constituents perceived by the insect olfactory system were then identified by GC-linked to electro-antennography detector (GC-EAD) and characterized by GC-MS. The contribution of each constituent to the behavioral response of An. gambiae was assessed through subtractive assays under semi-field conditions in a screen-house using Counter Flow Geometry (CFG traps) baited with (i) the blend of all the EAD-active and (ii) other blends containing all components with exclusion of one component at a time. The number of mosquitoes trapped in the baited CFG traps were compared with those in the control traps. Results Eleven major and minor constituents: 2 carboxylic acids, six aldehydes, two ketones and one phenolic compound, were confirmed to be EAD-active. The contribution of each constituent to the behavioral response of An. gambiae was assessed through subtractive assays under semi- field conditions. Exclusion/ subtraction of one of the following compounds: i-butyric acid, i-valeric acid, n-octanal, n-nonanal, n-decanal, n-dodecanal, undecanal or n-tridecanal, from each blend led to reduction in the attractiveness of all the resulting blends, suggesting that all of them are critical/important for the attractiveness of the foot odor to An. gambiae mosquitoes. However, exclusion/subtraction of 4-ethoxyacetophenone, 4-ethylacetophenone and/or 2-methylphenol, led to significant enhancements in the attractiveness of the resulting blends, suggesting that each of these compounds had repellent effect on An. gambiae ss. Undecanal exhibited kairomonal activity at low natural concentrations under semi-field conditions but repellent activity at high unnatural conditions in the laboratory. Furthermore, the comparison of the mean mosquito catches in traps baited with the nine-component blend without 4-ethoxyacetophenone, 4-ethylacetophenone and the complete foot odor collection revealed that the former is significantly more attractive and confirmed the repellent effect of the two carbonyl compounds at low natural concentration levels. Conclusion These results suggest that differential attractiveness of An. gambiae to human feet is due to qualitative and/or qualitative differences in the chemical compositions of the foot odors from individual human beings and relative proportions of the two chemical signatures (attractants versus repellents) as observed from the ratios of the bioactive components in the foot odors of the most attractive and least attractive individuals. Chemical signature means the ensemble of the compounds released by the organism in a specific physiological state. The chemical signature is emitter-dependent, but does not depend on receiver response. Thus, there is only one chemical signature for one individual or species that may eventually include inactive, attractive and repellent components for another organism. The nine-component attractive blend has a potential as an effective field bait for trapping of malaria vectors in human dwellings.

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Repellent Properties of δ-Octalactone Against the Tsetse Fly,Glossina morsitans Morsitans

Cited by 17 publications

References 11 publications

Odor coding in the antenna of the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans

Odor coding in the antenna of the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans

Olfaction in vector-host interactions

Semiochemical signatures associated with differential attraction of Anopheles gambiae to human feet

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