Odor coding in the antenna of the tsetse fly
            <i>Glossina morsitans</i>

Soni, Neeraj; Chahda, Juan Sebastian; Carlson, John R.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1907075116

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…We sampled 283 individuals representing eight species from four chiropteran families (Hipposideridae, Miniopteridae, Rhinolophidae, and Pteropodidae). Rarefaction and quality filtering of 16S rRNA libraries resulted in the retention of 237 skin samples (29,270 ASVs, rarefied to 5000 reads), 202 oral samples (3,361 ASVs, rarefied to 1000 reads), and 230 gut samples (5,771 ASVs, rarefied to 1000 reads) for microbiota profiling (Table 1). Hippoboscoid ectoparasites were recovered from all host taxa, with an average prevalence of 51% (SD±13%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tripartite associations between Afrotropical bats, eukaryotic parasites, and microbial symbionts

Lutz

Gilbert

Dick

2020

Preprint

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Skin is the largest mammalian organ and the first defensive barrier against the external environment. The skin and fur of mammals can host a wide variety of ectoparasites, many of which are phylogenetically diverse, specialized, and specifically adapted to their hosts. Among hematophagous dipteran parasites, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are known to serve as important attractants, leading parasites to compatible sources of blood meals. VOCs have been hypothesized to be mediated by host-associated bacteria, which may thereby indirectly influence parasitism. Host-associated bacteria may also influence parasitism directly, as has been observed in interactions between animal gut microbiota and malarial parasites. Hypotheses relating bacterial symbionts and eukaryotic parasitism have rarely been tested among humans and domestic animals, and have to our knowledge never been tested in wild vertebrates. In this study, we use Afrotropical bats, hematophagous ectoparasitic bat flies, and haemosporidian (malarial) parasites vectored by bat flies as a model to test the hypothesis that the vertebrate host microbiome is linked to parasitism in a wild system. We identify significant correlations between bacterial community composition of the skin and dipteran ectoparasite prevalence across four major bat lineages, as well as striking differences in skin microbial network characteristics between ectoparasitized and non-ectoparasitized bats. We also identify links between the oral microbiome and presence of malarial parasites among miniopterid bats. Our results support the hypothesis that microbial symbionts may serve as indirect mediators of parasitism among eukaryotic hosts and parasites.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tripartite associations between Afrotropical bats, eukaryotic parasites, and microbial symbionts

Lutz

Gilbert

Dick

2020

Preprint

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“…Camels suffer the most burden from biting keds as they were infested by the highest numbers of flies than all the other co-herded livestock species, therefore making them most vulnerable to ked-borne diseases. Host selection by keds is possibly achieved through visual and olfactory signals as reported in other dipterans such as tsetse fly [41][42][43][44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Transmission of ‘CandidatusAnaplasma camelii’ to laboratory animals by camel-specific keds,Hippobosca camelina

Bargul

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Anaplasmosis, caused by infection with bacteria of the genus Anaplasma is an important veterinary and zoonotic disease. The characterization of transmission has concentrated on ticks and little is known about non-tick vectors of livestock anaplasmosis. This study investigated the presence of Anaplasma spp. in camels in northern Kenya and whether the hematophagous camel ked, Hippobosca camelina, acts as a vector. Camels (n = 976) and > 10,000 keds were sampled over a three-year study period and the presence of Anaplasma species was determined by PCR-based assays targeting the Anaplasmataceae 16S rRNA gene. Camels were infected by Candidatus Anaplasma camelii occurring from 63 - 78% during the dry (September 2017), wet (June-July 2018), and late wet seasons (July-August 2019). 10 - 29% of camel keds harbored Ca. Anaplasma camelii acquired from infected camels during blood feeding. We determined whether Anaplasma positive camel keds could transmit Ca. Anaplasma camelii to small laboratory animals via blood-feeding. We show competence in pathogen transmission and subsequent infection in mice and rabbits by both direct detection in blood smears and subsequent molecular identification by PCR. Transmission of Ca. Anaplasma camelii to mice (8 - 47%) and rabbits (25%) occurred readily after ked bites. Hence, we demonstrate, for the first time, the potential of H. camelina as a vector of anaplasmosis. This key finding provides the basis for establishing ked control programmes for improvement of livestock and human health.

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“…Camels suffer the most burden from biting keds with greater infestations than all other co-herded livestock species, therefore making them most vulnerable to kedborne diseases. Host selection by keds is possibly achieved through visual and olfactory signals as reported in other dipterans such as tsetse fly [41][42][43][44].…”

Section: Plos Neglected Tropical Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Transmission of ‘Candidatus Anaplasma camelii’ to mice and rabbits by camel-specific keds, Hippobosca camelina

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Anaplasmosis, caused by infection with bacteria of the genus Anaplasma, is an important veterinary and zoonotic disease. Transmission by ticks has been characterized but little is known about non-tick vectors of livestock anaplasmosis. This study investigated the presence of Anaplasma spp. in camels in northern Kenya and whether the hematophagous camel ked, Hippobosca camelina, acts as a vector. Camels (n = 976) and > 10,000 keds were sampled over a three-year study period and the presence of Anaplasma species was determined by PCR-based assays targeting the Anaplasmataceae 16S rRNA gene. Camels were infected by a single species of Anaplasma, ‘Candidatus Anaplasma camelii’, with infection rates ranging from 63–78% during the dry (September 2017), wet (June-July 2018), and late wet seasons (July-August 2019). 10–29% of camel keds harbored ‘Ca. Anaplasma camelii’ acquired from infected camels during blood feeding. We determined that Anaplasma-positive camel keds could transmit ‘Ca. Anaplasma camelii’ to mice and rabbits via blood-feeding. We show competence in pathogen transmission and subsequent infection in mice and rabbits by microscopic observation in blood smears and by PCR. Transmission of ‘Ca. Anaplasma camelii’ to mice (8–47%) and rabbits (25%) occurred readily after ked bites. Hence, we demonstrate, for the first time, the potential of H. camelina as a vector of anaplasmosis. This key finding provides the rationale for establishing ked control programmes for improvement of livestock and human health.

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Odor coding in the antenna of the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans

Cited by 18 publications

References 43 publications

Tripartite associations between Afrotropical bats, eukaryotic parasites, and microbial symbionts

Tripartite associations between Afrotropical bats, eukaryotic parasites, and microbial symbionts

Transmission of ‘CandidatusAnaplasma camelii’ to laboratory animals by camel-specific keds,Hippobosca camelina

Transmission of ‘Candidatus Anaplasma camelii’ to mice and rabbits by camel-specific keds, Hippobosca camelina

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