Repair of calvarial bone defects in mice using electrospun polystyrene scaffolds combined with β-TCP or gold nanoparticles

Abstract

Non-biodegradable porous polystyrene (PS) scaffolds, composed of microfibers, have been prepared by electrospinning for the reconstruction of large bone defects. PS microfibers were prepared by incorporating β-TCP grains inside the polymer or grafting gold nanoparticles surface functionalized with mercaptosuccinic acid. Cytocompatibility of the three types of scaffolds (PS, β-TCP-PS and Au-PS) was studied by seeding human mesenchymal stem cells. Biocompatibility was evaluated by implanting β-TCP-PS and Au-PS scaffolds into a critical size (4mm) calvarial defect in mice. Calvaria were taken 6, 9, and 12 weeks after implantation; newly formed bone and cellular response was analyzed by microcomputed tomography (microCT) and histology. β-TCP-PS scaffolds showed a significantly higher cell proliferation in vitro than on PS or Au-PS alone; clearly, the presence of β-TCP grains improved cytocompatibility. Biocompatibility study in the mouse calvaria model showed that β-TCP-PS scaffolds were significantly associated with more newly-formed bone than Au-PS. Bone developed by osteoconduction from the defect margins to the center. A dense fibrous connective tissue containing blood vessels was identified histologically in both types of scaffolds. There was no inflammatory foci nor giant cell in these areas. AuNPs aggregates were identified histologically in the fibrosis and also incorporated in the newly-formed bone matrix. Although the different types of PS microfibers appeared cytocompatible during the in vitro experiment, they appeared biotolerated in vivo since they induced a fibrotic reaction associated with newly formed bone.

Potential application of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase (TLL) immobilized on nonporous polystyrene particles

“…FTIR (Figure ) characterization confirmed the presence of phenyl group from PS polymer (CC) with peaks located at 1600, 1492, and 1450 cm −1 . Peak located at 3026 cm −1 corresponds to stretch vibrations of CH on phenyl radicals .…”

“…Through LAS AF Lite software, it was possible to determine PS particles size and an average diameter of 46.76 μm was calculated. FTIR (Figure 3) characterization confirmed the presence of phenyl group from PS polymer ( C C ) with peaks located at 1600, 1492, and 1450 cm −1 [27]. Peak located at 3026 cm −1 corresponds to stretch vibrations of C H on phenyl radicals [28].…”

Bone forming ability of recombinant human collagen peptide granules applied with β‐tricalcium phosphate fine particles

“…Furthermore, histological assessments revealed that RCP/β‐TCP increased the thickness of newly formed bone compared with RCP. Terranova et al showed that β‐TCP fine particles coupled with polymer fibers induced a stimulatory effect on osteoblasts to promote bone formation of mouse (Terranova et al, 2017). In general, it is considered that β‐TCP is phagocytized by macrophages and osteoclasts and provides Ca/P ions to regenerative regions (Arbez & Libouban, 2017; Arbez, Manero, Mabilleau, Libouban, & Chappard, 2019; Detsch et al, 2010).…”

Maxillary Bone Regeneration Based on Nanoreservoirs Functionalizedε-Polycaprolactone Biomembranes in a Mouse Model of Jaw Bone Lesion

“…The membrane may be formed from different materials with specific properties of biocompatibility, cytotoxicity, resorbability, or osteogenic capacity. Different polymers are available, as PCL, PCL associated with other materials as PLA, or other electrospun substances like polystyrene [ 39 , 40 ]. The size and the morphology of the nanofibers are the main parameters that can be controlled, by modulating for example the flow rate or the polymer concentration [ 5 ].…”