Renal biomarkers of male and female Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) undergoing renal ischemia and reperfusion

Abstract

PURPOSE:To investigate biomarkers of acute renal injury in Wistar rats, subjected to left renal ischemia for 10 minutes, and then compare reperfusion at 24 hours, and at 5, 7, 14 and 21 days after the procedure. METHODS:Eight female and male rats between 60 and 81 days old were used in the Central Animal Facility of the UFMS. Assessed biomarkers included urine protein, urea, creatinine, glucose, sodium, potassium, urine alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transferase activities, and protein-to-creatinine ratio; and in serum: urea, creatinine, sodium and potassium, fractional excretion of sodium, potassium, urine flow and creatinine clearance. RESULTS:Greater variance was observed in the parameters at 24 hours and at five days (p<0.05) after reperfusion. On the 21 st day, these parameters approximated those obtained for the control group. CONCLUSIONS:Renal ischemia for 10 minutes was sufficient to raise urine levels of protein, glucose, fractional excretion of potassium, urea, creatinine clearance, urine activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase enzymes in the first 24 hours, up to five days after reperfusion, which may indicate risk of acute kidney injury, according to the RIFLE classification.

Sub-acute administration of lower doses of nicotine caused sex-dependent improvement of renal function in Wistar rats

“…The possible mechanism(s) by which this is achieved is nicotine-enhanced renal vasodilation, causing a decrease in renovascular resistance as well as increased filtration fraction. The expression of a better renal function in females than their male counterparts, as shown in this study, is consistent with existing literatures of both clinical and animal models of various renal conditions [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] , [44] , [45] , [46] . Worthy of note is the fact that cotinine levels (stable metabolite of nicotine) in Wistar rats appear to be similar with that of smokers after cigarette consumption [47] .…”

Gender Difference in Renal Blood Flow Response to Angiotensin II Administration after Ischemia/Reperfusion in Rats: The Role of AT2 Receptor

“…Restricted blood supply to the organ and then restoration of blood flow and reoxygenation are considered as ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). This model reproduces the clinical model of kidney transplantation [ 1 , 2 ]. I/R may lead to providing reactive oxygen species (ROS), chemokines, cytokines, and leukocytes activation which disturb renal blood flow (RBF) [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Pre-Treatment with Curcumin Ameliorates Cisplatin-Induced Kidney Damage by Suppressing Kidney Inflammation and Apoptosis in Rats

“…Plasma and urine creatinine were measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 520 mu according to the method described by Jaffe. Creatinine clearance was calculated in individual rats as follows: Creatinine clearance = urine creatinine x urine volume/plasma creatinine x time [12].…”