“…for 28 days, there was beneficial alterations in plasma and urine level of creatinine, urea and uric acid (p < 0.05) as well as plasma and urine electrolyte level (Na + and K + ) in both sexes (p < 0.05). There was also a significant improvement in creatinine clearance (p < 0.05) of renal function in wistar rats [32]. Fig.…”
“…for 28 days, there was beneficial alterations in plasma and urine level of creatinine, urea and uric acid (p < 0.05) as well as plasma and urine electrolyte level (Na + and K + ) in both sexes (p < 0.05). There was also a significant improvement in creatinine clearance (p < 0.05) of renal function in wistar rats [32]. Fig.…”
“…The finding of better renal function in smokers might have some biological plausibility. Lower doses of subacute nicotine administration can enhance renal function ( 35 ). Moreover, nicotine has a protective effect against neurotoxic insults and may be of potential therapeutic value in Parkinson's disease ( 36 ).…”
Study Objectives: Smoking and sleep are modifiable factors associated with the chronic kidney diseases. However, the interaction of smoking and sleep on the renal function are still unclear. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the interactive impacts of smoking and sleep on the renal function.Methods: Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The study population were categorized into nine subgroups by smoking (smoking every day, sometimes, and non-smokers recently) and sleep duration (short duration ≤ 6 h, normal duration 6–9 h, and longer duration ≥ 9 h on the weekdays).Results: The study group with a short sleep duration had significantly higher serum cotinine and hydrocotinine levels compared with the other two sleep groups. After adjusting the demographic characteristics (age, race, body mass index, and marital status), sleep quality (snoring or breathing cessation), and comorbidities (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, high cholesterol, anemia, congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, and stroke), non-smokers with short or long sleep duration had significant lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels than the study group who smoked every day and slept ≤ 6 h. The effects of sleep duration on eGFR levels varied with smoking status. For the study group smoking every day, eGFR levels increased as sleep duration decreased, whereas for the study group smoking sometimes, eGFR levels increased as sleep duration increased. The U-shaped effects of eGFR levels were observed among non-smokers whose normal sleep duration was associated with better eGFR levels. Normal sleep duration was an important protective factor of the renal function for non-smokers than smokers.Conclusions: The effects of sleep duration on eGFR levels varied with smoking status. Normal sleep duration was a protective factor and more crucial for non-smokers than for smokers.
“…Over the past decade, electronic cigarettes have become increasingly popular among smokers as alternative choices to combusted tobacco products, such as cigarettes. In part, this growth has been driven by the potential of electronic cigarette use to reduce the health effects associated with continued smoking [ [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] , [44] , [45] ].…”
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