Sleeping, Smoking, and Kidney Diseases: Evidence From the NHANES 2017–2018

Abstract

Study Objectives: Smoking and sleep are modifiable factors associated with the chronic kidney diseases. However, the interaction of smoking and sleep on the renal function are still unclear. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the interactive impacts of smoking and sleep on the renal function.Methods: Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The study population were categorized into nine subgroups by smoking (smoking every day, sometimes, and non-smokers recently) and sleep duration (short duration ≤ 6 h, normal duration 6–9 h, and longer duration ≥ 9 h on the weekdays).Results: The study group with a short sleep duration had significantly higher serum cotinine and hydrocotinine levels compared with the other two sleep groups. After adjusting the demographic characteristics (age, race, body mass index, and marital status), sleep quality (snoring or breathing cessation), and comorbidities (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, high cholesterol, anemia, congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, and stroke), non-smokers with short or long sleep duration had significant lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels than the study group who smoked every day and slept ≤ 6 h. The effects of sleep duration on eGFR levels varied with smoking status. For the study group smoking every day, eGFR levels increased as sleep duration decreased, whereas for the study group smoking sometimes, eGFR levels increased as sleep duration increased. The U-shaped effects of eGFR levels were observed among non-smokers whose normal sleep duration was associated with better eGFR levels. Normal sleep duration was an important protective factor of the renal function for non-smokers than smokers.Conclusions: The effects of sleep duration on eGFR levels varied with smoking status. Normal sleep duration was a protective factor and more crucial for non-smokers than for smokers.

Assessment of Serum Urea, Creatinine and Uric Acid in Oral Cancer

“…We also have found a significant negative correlation between serum urea levels and smoking in our study group. These results are in accordance with previous reports, that identified important differences in blood urea levels in smoking subjects, who exhibited decreased serum urea values compared to non-smokers [ 42 ]. The underlying mechanisms associated with these changes are still unknown, but a direct link can be suspected, considering that significant differences were detected for some of the urea cycle intermediate metabolites, such as aspartate, in smokers versus non-smokers [ 43 ].…”

Uric Acid, Serum Urea, Creatinine, And Profiling In Oral Cancer: A Prospective Comparative Study

“…Furthermore, we identified a significant negative correlation between serum urea levels and smoking within our study group. Similar results were reported by Wu C et al [19] and others [13], supporting the association between smoking and decreased serum urea levels. The precise mechanisms behind these changes remain unclear, but a direct link is suspected, given the significant differences detected in some urea cycle intermediate metabolites, such as aspartate, in smokers compared to non-smokers.…”

Factors associated with poor sleep quality in patients with pre‐dialysis chronic kidney disease: A systematic review

“…Smoking is another contributing factor to poor sleep quality. Smoking‐related nicotine use not only affects kidney function but also causes sleep disturbance (Wu et al, 2021). There is a reciprocal relationship between smoking and poor sleep quality (Wu et al, 2021).…”

“…Smoking‐related nicotine use not only affects kidney function but also causes sleep disturbance (Wu et al, 2021). There is a reciprocal relationship between smoking and poor sleep quality (Wu et al, 2021). Smoking affects circadian rhythm, whereas sleep disturbance increases smoking behaviour (Gibson et al, 2019).…”