Remove of Phenolic Compounds in Water by Low-Temperature Plasma: A Review of Current Research

Zhang, Jufang; Chen, Jierong; Li, Xiaoyong

doi:10.4236/jwarp.2009.12014

Cited by 42 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Due to diffusion processes and the extent of the oxidizing species, such as • OH, • O, O 3 , are finally dissolved in the liquid phase (seefigure 8), these species could promote chemical reactions in the liquid phase to generate other reactive species, as noted by other authors[21,22] …”

mentioning

confidence: 86%

“…ozone formation, (2) it prevents the production of unwanted chemical species such as nitrogen oxides, which can affect the oxidation of pollutants. It has been found that the presence of nitrogen in the gas mixture strongly decreases the rate of degradation of phenol; substituted phenols [22] and inorganic acids [28] can also be generated.…”

Section: Phenol Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel electrode structure in a DBD reactor applied to the degradation of phenol in aqueous solution

Mercado-Cabrera

Peña‐Eguiluz

López-Callejas

et al. 2017

Plasma Sci. Technol.

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Phenol degradation experimental results are presented in a similar wastewater aqueous solution using a non-thermal plasma reactor in a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge. The novelty of the work is that one of the electrodes of the reactor has the shape of a hollow screw which shows an enhanced efficiency compared with a traditional smooth structure. The experimentation was carried out with gas mixtures of 90% Ar-10% O 2 , 80% Ar-20% O 2 and 0% Ar-100% O 2. After one hour of treatment the removal efficiency was 76%, 92%, and 97%, respectively, assessed with a gas chromatographic mass spectrometry technique. For both reactors used, the ozone concentration was measured. The screw electrode required less energy, for all gas mixtures, than the smooth electrode, to maintain the same ozone concentration. On the other hand, it was also observed that in both electrodes the electrical conductivity of the solution changed slightly from ∼0.0115 S m −1 up to ∼0.0430 S m −1 after one hour of treatment. The advantages of using the hollow screw electrode structure compared with the smooth electrode were: (1) lower typical power consumption, (2) the generation of a uniform plasma throughout the reactor benefiting the phenol degradation, (3) a relatively lower temperature of the aqueous solution during the process, and (4) the plasma generation length is larger.

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mentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Phenol Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel electrode structure in a DBD reactor applied to the degradation of phenol in aqueous solution

Mercado-Cabrera

Peña‐Eguiluz

López-Callejas

et al. 2017

Plasma Sci. Technol.

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“…The detection of phenolic compounds in food, medical, environmental ground, and surface water has been a key issue because of the respective toxicity and persistency in the environment. 103 Some phenol derivatives are from industrial waste due to their use as intermediates in the production drugs, explosives, wood preservatives, and in leather treatments. These polluting chemicals are readily adsorbed by the skin and mucous membrane of human and animal.…”

Section: Malathion (Mlt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in Polymer Nanocomposite-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Detecting Environmental Pollutants

Tajik

Beitollahi

Nejad

et al. 2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

163

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The human population is generally subjected to diverse pollutants and contaminants in the environment like those in the air, soil, foodstuffs, and drinking water. Therefore, the development of novel purification techniques and efficient detection devices for pollutants is an important challenge. To date, experts in the field have designed distinctive analytical procedures for the detection of pollutants including gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and atomic absorption spectroscopy. While the mentioned procedures enjoy high sensitivity, they suffer from being laborious, expensive, require advanced skills for operation, and are inconvenient to deploy as a result of their massive size. Therefore, in response to the above-mentioned limitations, electrochemical sensors are being developed that enjoy robustness, selectivity, sensitivity, and real-time measurements. Considerable advancements in nanomaterials-based electrochemical sensor platforms have helped to generate new technologies to ensure environmental and human safety. Recently, investigators have expanded considerable effort to utilize polymer nanocomposites for building the electrochemical sensors in view of their promising features such as very good electrocatalytic activities, higher electrical conductivity, and effective surface area in comparison to the traditional polymers. Herein, the first section of this review briefly discusses the most important methods for polymer nanocomposites synthesis, such as in situ polymerization, direct mixing of polymer and nanofillers (melt-mixing and solution-mixing), sol–gel, and electrochemical methods. It then summarizes the current utilization of polymer nanocomposites for the preparation of electrochemical sensors as a novel approach for monitoring and detecting environmental pollutants which include heavy metal ions, pesticides, phenolic compounds, nitroaromatic compounds, nitrite, and hydrazine in different mediums. Finally, the current challenges and future directions for the polymer nanocomposites-based electrochemical sensing of environmental pollutants are outlined.

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“…In this gas phase oxidizing species such as · OH, · 0 and 03 are generated by means of the following reactions [6] e + O2 � e + · 0 + · 0 H20 ( aq ) � H20 (g) e + H20 (g) � · OH + · H + e 0+ H20 (g) � · OH + · OH · 0 + O2 + O2 � 03 + O2 e + Ar � Ar* + e Ar* + O2 � Ar + · 0 + · 0 Due to diffusion processes, oxidizing gas species such as · OH, · 0, 03, go to the liquid phase. In the aqueous phase the following reactions are carried out [7,8], which are promoted by the species and/or UV radiation generated previously in the gas phase: 03 (g) � 03 ( aq ) H20 + 03 � · OH + · OH + O2 · H + · 0 + · 0 � H02 The presence of aqueous electrons in the solution is generally function of the type of applied electric power, that is DC or AC [4], in general the presence of aqueous electrons is justified when DC pulsed systems and sharp tips under the water are used to generate nonthermal plasma. In this case an AC system was used and the aqueous electrons were not considered.…”

Section: B Chemical-kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of phenol degradation in aqueous solution by a hollow screw like electrode in gas-liquid DBD

Mercado-Cabrera

López-Callejas

Peña‐Eguiluz

et al. 2014

2014 IEEE 18th International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (ICDL)

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Nonthermal plasma process of dielectric barrier discharge was successfully applied to experimental phenol degradation in a synthetic waste water aqueous solution. A typical coaxial reactor was disposed vertically but the surface of the high voltage internal electrode was shaped like a hollow screw. This electrode allowed to have a quasi-homogeneous plasma in all the length of the reactor and the inter-electrode space. With this configuration was possible to decrease the typical consumed electric power by the reactor and the liquid temperature at the end of the experience. A 90%Ar-1O%02' 80%Ar-20%02 or 100%02 gas mixture flowed across the gas gap and on the liquid surface. The applied electric power was in the range of 18-23 kV at 1.5 kHz. A 100%02 gas mixture, experimental results showed an enhancement of removal efficiency beyond of 99% compared with a smooth surface cylindrical electrode after 1 hour of treatment. Also, this high efficiency was obtained with lower released power compared with that of smooth surface cylindrical electrode.

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Remove of Phenolic Compounds in Water by Low-Temperature Plasma: A Review of Current Research

Cited by 42 publications

References 32 publications

Novel electrode structure in a DBD reactor applied to the degradation of phenol in aqueous solution

Novel electrode structure in a DBD reactor applied to the degradation of phenol in aqueous solution

Recent Developments in Polymer Nanocomposite-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Detecting Environmental Pollutants

Enhancement of phenol degradation in aqueous solution by a hollow screw like electrode in gas-liquid DBD

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