Removal of virus from water by filtration using microporous membranes made of poly(N-benzyl-4-vinylpyridinium chloride)

Abstract

SYNOPSISTwo types of microporous filter materials were developed for removing virus from water by using poly(N-benzyl-4-vinylpyridinium chloride) that captures virus in water. Conventional ultrafiltration using one to three sheets of 145-pm-thick cellulose nitrate membrane with a pore size of 0.45 pm and coated with 1.7 mg/g of poly(N-benzyl-4-vinylpyridinium chloride-co-styrene) showed 99.4-99.998% removal (2.2-4.7 log,,-unit reduction in concentration) of bacteriophage T4, whereas the control experiments using noncoated membrane showed 91-96% removal (1.0-1.4 log,,-unit reduction in concentration) of the virus. A composite 360-pm-thick microporous membrane with a pore size of 20 pm was prepared that consisted of connected minute beads of 1.7 pm in diameter made of crosslinked poly(Nbenzyl-4-vinylpyridinium chloride) and reinforced by a nonwoven cloth. Simple filtration using one sheet of the composite membrane at 34.2 cm/h showed 99.96-99.9995% removal (3.4-5.3 log,,-unit reduction in concentration). The virus was not detected in the filtrate when two sheets of the composite membrane were used.

Alteração da superfície de velas cerâmicas porosas comerciais, por processo sol-gel, visando o aumento da organofilicidade

“…Detalhes da metodologia podem ser encontrados em [16,17]. A eficiência de remoção foi calculada com base na relação apresentada em [18], com modificações, ou seja:…”

Syntheses of biodegradable vinyl polymers by insertion of N-benzyl-4-vinylpyridinium chloride into the main chain

“…A composite micro-porous membrane made of cross-linked PBVP was used to remove waterborne [23] and air-borne [24] viruses by filtration.…”

Adsorption of phenol on clustered micro-sphere porous beads made of cross-linked poly-4-vinylpyridine

“…55%) was performed according to the procedure reported previously [9][10][11], but in the absence of non-woven cloth. The copolymerization was performed in a 200-ml roundbottomed three-necked Xask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, a reXux condenser, and a nitrogen inlet under a nitrogen atmosphere at 60-65°C with stirring at 300 rpm for 2-14 h. Molar ratio of 4-vinylpyridine to divinylbenzene was set to be 9:1.…”

“…In previous reports [9][10][11], we described a composite micro-porous membrane made of PVP and reinforced by non-woven cloth. The reinforced composite membrane was prepared by dispersion copolymerization of 4-vinylpyridine with divinylbenzene performed in the presence of non-woven cloth in a mixed solvent of toluene and acetone, and this was followed by the reaction with benzyl chloride.…”

“…The reinforced composite membrane was prepared by dispersion copolymerization of 4-vinylpyridine with divinylbenzene performed in the presence of non-woven cloth in a mixed solvent of toluene and acetone, and this was followed by the reaction with benzyl chloride. In this study, we attempted to prepare clustered microsphere porous polymer beads made of PVP by dispersion copolymerization of 4-vinylpyridine with divinylbenzene in a mixed solvent of toluene and acetone according to the previous procedure [9][10][11], but performed in the absence of non-woven cloth.…”