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Cross-linked poly(N-benzyl-4-vinylpyridinium halide) (designated insoluble BVP) was previously reported to capture bacterial cells alive by contact with them. The corresponding linear polymer poly(N-benzyl-4vinylpyridinium salt) (designated soluble BVP) was found to exhibit antibacterial activity. This soluble pyridinium-type polymer showed strong antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria, whereas it was less active against gram-negative bacteria. The antibacterial activity of this cationic, polymeric disinfectant was considerably greater than that of the corresponding monomeric compound and was approximately equal to that of conventional disinfectants such as benzalkonium chloride and chlorohexidine.

Correlation of solvent cointercalation and electrochemical intercalation of Li into graphite was studied. Cointercalation of dimethylsulfoxide ͑DMSO͒, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran ͑2-MeTHF͒, dimethoxymethane ͑DMM͒, diethoxymethane ͑DEM͒, 1,2diethoxyethane ͑DEE͒ and 1,2-dibutoxyethane ͑DBE͒ into graphite with Li was investigated by the solution method to find out that DMSO, DMM, DEM, and DEE can cointercalate into graphite with Li and that 2-MeTHF and DBE cannot. By using the functional density theory, steric hindrance of solvated lithium ion was found to be predominant for cointercalation. Electrochemical Li intercalation into graphite was studied in propylene carbonate ͑PC͒ solution containing 1 mol dm Ϫ3 LiClO 4 in the presence of various amounts of the above solvents. By the addition of DMSO in the PC electrolyte, solvent decomposition at around 1.0 V ͑vs. Li/Li ϩ ) was thoroughly suppressed, and electrochemical intercalation of Li took place. Suppression of the solvent decomposition was dependent on the amount of DMSO. This is because competing cointercalation of DMSO suppressed the cointercalation of PC which causes the exfoliation of graphite, leading to the formation of the stable solid electrolyte interface. Suppression of cointercalation of PC was also observed by the addition of DMM, DEM, and DEE in a limited condition. Addition of 2-MeTHF and DBE into the PC electrolyte is not available for electrochemical intercalation of lithium. These results show that cointercalation plays an important role for electrochemical intercalation of lithium into graphite.

The catalytic activity of /Ce composite oxide in the wet oxidation of polyethylene glycol) and other organic compounds was investigated. The /Ce composite oxide had higher activity than either Co/Bi composite oxide or homogeneous copper catalyst. The catalyst had high redox property, and participation of a radical mechanism was suggested. The ESR and ESCA analyses indicated that the effect of Ce was to produce manganese species with lower valence states (Mn3+, Mn2+), and the combination of Mn4+ with Mn3+ or Mn2+ was assumed to be the cause of the high activity of the catalyst.

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The wet oxidation of various organic compounds was carried out in the presence of the Co–Bi (5:1) complex oxide catalyst. The catalyst was especially effective for the oxidation of all refractory lower carboxylic acids, which are intermediates in the wet oxidation of many organic compounds.

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