Remotely-supervised transcranial direct current stimulation paired with cognitive training in Parkinson’s disease: An open-label study

Feasibility of remotely supervised transcranial direct current stimulation and cognitive remediation: A systematic review

“…The remaining 33 published articles reported on a sample size range of 9-135 participants. Studies were published between the years of 1995-2018, and targeted multiple diagnoses including but not limited to: multiple sclerosis [24-26, 32-34, 51], Parkinson's disease [26,36,49], brain injury [50,58,60], and schizophrenia [35,43,45,52,54,55,57,61]. Only three papers [27][28][29] and one case study [30] were published with AD as the target population, with an additional study targeting mild vascular dementia [31].…”

“…There were 16 studies total that met the inclusion criteria. Studies targeted a range of symptoms and disorders, but most research focused on multiple sclerosis [25,26,[32][33][34], schizophrenia [35], Parkinson's disease [26,36] and dementia [30,31]. Symptoms and disorders are illustrated in Table 1.…”

“…Study design. Of the 16 tDCS studies reviewed, five were double blind randomized controlled trials [26,33,[37][38][39], two were single blind randomized sham controlled trials [31,40], two were pilot studies [25,34], two featured a randomized double-blind cross-over design [22,41], two were open label studies [33,36], one was a multiple case study with four participants [42] and two were single case studies [30,35]. See Table 1 for details.…”

“…Participants either self-administered tDCS (n = 4/16 studies) [22,[38][39][40], administered tDCS with the help of an aide or study partner (n = 6/16 studies) [25,30,31,35,37,41], or could choose what they preferred [42]. Five studies encouraged self-administration, but used a proxy or caregiver if further assistance was required [26,[32][33][34]36] (see Table 1 for details).…”

Introducing the thematic series on transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for motor rehabilitation: on the way to optimal clinical use

“…Due to the potential for self-or caregiver-application, remotely supervised protocols have been developed and recently found feasible for those with motor impairment [10]. However, these studies employ highly structured protocols and rigorous criteria with real time supervision via teleconference, and do not support a "do-it-yourself" tDCS practice.…”