Remineralising effects of fluoride varnishes containing calcium phosphate on artificial root caries lesions with adjunctive application of proanthocyanidin

Cai, Jing; Burrow, Michael F.; Manton, David J.; Hardiman, Rita; Palamara, Joseph E.A.

doi:10.1016/j.dental.2020.10.021

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The property of root caries prevention played by PO's improved formulation overcame the effects resulting from the supplemental application of PP combined with PO (3× application). These findings are consistent with previous in vitro and clinical studies showing that fluoride inhibits dentin demineralization and enhances dentin remineralization by a dose-dependent mechanism, i.e., the higher the fluoride concentrations, the better the potential to prevent or arrest root caries [León et al, 2019;Meyer-Lueckel et al, 2019;de Amoêdo Campos Velo et al, 2020;Wierichs et al, 2020;Cai et al, 2021].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The daily biofilm exposures to fresh sucrose-containing medium as performed in the present model (as well as highly cariogenic conditions encountered clinically) certainly led to marked pH drops that in turn triggered additional and more important fluoride mechanisms of action by also improving remineralization: in the presence of marked acidic pHs, fluoride ions deposited in the dentin after vanish application (calcium fluoride [CaF 2 ]) are gradually released and act by co-precipitating calcium and phosphate and enhancing the precipitation of fluoride apatite. Thus, similarly to enamel surfaces and in agreement to other investigations [Cai et al, 2021;Wierichs et al, 2018; Sleibi et al, 2018a;Sleibi et al, 2018b;Sleibi et al, 2021] where the immediate effect of fluoride varnishes were evaluated, the findings of the present study add to the current evidence showing that fluoride varnish also exhibits sustained anti-cariogenic property against root caries progression.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The immediate and sustained protective effects of fluoride varnish against root caries development is mainly attributed to the key role of fluoride during the dynamic dissolution/re-precipitation reactions [Buzalaf et al, 2011;ten Cate and Buzalaf, 2019] that occurred during the 7-day de/remineralization cycles. Based on previous evidence, we can assume that following fluoride varnish application, there was partial ionic substitution in hydroxyapatite crystals, resulting in the formation of less soluble fluoridated apatite on root surfaces [Cai et al, 2021]. In theory, this partial ionic change potentially reduces the critical pH and makes the root dentin less prone to demineralization, particularly at slightly acidic pH [ten Cate, and Buzalaf, 2019].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immediate and Sustained Root Caries Prevention of Fluoride Varnish Combined with Toothpastes

Zamperini¹,

Bedran-Russo²

2023

Caries Res

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The aim of this study was to determine the immediate and sustained effect of a fluoride varnish and its combinations with toothpastes in preventing root caries development using a salivary microcosm in vitro model. Human root dentin specimens (n=150) were randomly divided into 5 experimental protocols (n=30): (1) Fluoride Varnish (V); (2) V followed by Paste One (V+PO); (3) V followed by Paste Plus (V+PP); (4) V followed by PO and PP (V+PO+PP); and (5) No treatment (control). One varnish layer was applied on the specimens (except for the control group) and kept for 18 h. Then, the varnish was removed and toothpastes treatments were initiated accordingly to experimental groups. For the short-term incubation model (n=15), the specimens were also immediately subjected to 7-day cariogenic challenge. For that, human saliva was used as bacterial inoculum and Mc Bain artificial saliva containing 2% sucrose as growth medium. The other half of the specimens (n=15) was used to study the varnish’s sustained effect by long-term incubation (8 weeks) before cariogenic challenge. The protocols’ anti-caries properties were evaluated by dentin porosity (Rhodamine intensity; RI) and mineral density while their anti-biofilm effects were evaluated using biofilm’s biomass and viability assays. For short- and long-term incubation models, all experimental regimens resulted in statistically significant decreases (p<0.05) in the RI (up to 180 µm and 120 µm, respectively) as well as higher mineral density compared to No treatment (p<0.001). V+PO+PP and/or V+PO resulted in statistically lower RI compared to V for some depths (p<0.05) in both models. There were changes in RI and mineral density within groups overtime. All experimental treatments exhibited anti-biofilm effects. All prevention protocols exhibited immediate and sustained anti-caries effect against root caries development. The combination of a fluoride varnish with PO resulted in superior additional anti-caries effects.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Immediate and Sustained Root Caries Prevention of Fluoride Varnish Combined with Toothpastes

Zamperini¹,

Bedran-Russo²

2023

Caries Res

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“…Therefore, the supply of phosphorus, calcium, and fluoride is essential for the prevention of such dental illnesses. For this reason, fluoride varnishes containing fluoride, casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), and β-tri-calcium phosphate (βTCP) have been applied in the past [ 13 , 14 ]. These materials can simultaneously supply elements such as fluoride, phosphorus, and calcium to the dentin, albeit at a slow rate as the varnish is water-resistant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of Root Caries Using Oxalic Acid

et al. 2023

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Certain dentin hypersensitivity treatment materials include oxalic acid to coat dentin surfaces with minerals, while certain organic acids possess a remineralization effect. Herein, an organic acid that inhibits the demineralization and coating of root surfaces was evaluated. Specimens were produced using five non-carious extracted bovines. Four different acids were used: oxalic acid (OA), malonic acid (MA), polyacrylic acid (PA), and succinic acid (SA). Each acid was applied to the root surface and washed using distilled water or a remineralization solution, and the surface was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All the surfaces of each specimen, barring the polished surface, were covered with wax and immersed in an automatic pH cycling system for two weeks. Dentin demineralization was analyzed using transverse microradiography (TMR) before and after pH cycling. SEM analysis demonstrated that the three acid groups demineralized the dentin surface, whereas the OA group generated crystals covering the dentin surface, even in a distilled water environment. TMR analysis revealed that the OA groups showed significantly lower integrated mineral loss compared with the other groups, even in the distilled water environment. The results suggest that OA generates insoluble calcium oxalate crystals on the dentin and suppresses demineralization even under low saliva conditions.

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“…Commercial oral remineralisation products, such as Duraphat and Icon, are the main clinical treatments for enamel demineralisation [4]. Duraphat is a fluoride varnish containing 22 600 ppm fluoride [5], which facilitates the formation of insoluble fluorapatite and calcium fluoride to enhance the demineralisation resistance of enamel [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of calcium phosphate ion clusters in enhancing enamel conditions versus Duraphat and Icon

Jiang

Wang

et al. 2022

Aust Endodontic J

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This study aimed to evaluate and compare the remineralisation, mechanical, anti‐aging, acid resistance and antibacterial properties of calcium phosphate ion clusters (CPICs) materials with those of Duraphat and Icon. The remineralisation and mechanical properties were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and nanoindentation. CPICs induced epitaxial crystal growth on the enamel surface, where the regrown enamel‐like apatite layers had a similar hardness and elastic modulus to natural enamel (p > 0.05). Acid resistance and anti‐aging properties were tested based on ion dissolution and surface roughness. CPICs exhibited similar calcium and phosphate ion dissolution to the control (p > 0.05), and its roughness decreased after thermocycling (p < 0.05), thereby decreasing the risk of enamel surface demineralisation. The minimum inhibitory concentration was 0.1 mg/ml, and the minimum bactericidal concentration ranged from 0.05 to 0.1 mg/ml. Overall, this biomimetic CPICs is a promising alternative to dental demineralisation.

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Remineralising effects of fluoride varnishes containing calcium phosphate on artificial root caries lesions with adjunctive application of proanthocyanidin

Cited by 9 publications

References 57 publications

Immediate and Sustained Root Caries Prevention of Fluoride Varnish Combined with Toothpastes

Immediate and Sustained Root Caries Prevention of Fluoride Varnish Combined with Toothpastes

Prevention of Root Caries Using Oxalic Acid

The effect of calcium phosphate ion clusters in enhancing enamel conditions versus Duraphat and Icon

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