The effect of calcium phosphate ion clusters in enhancing enamel conditions versus Duraphat and Icon

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the remineralisation, mechanical, anti‐aging, acid resistance and antibacterial properties of calcium phosphate ion clusters (CPICs) materials with those of Duraphat and Icon. The remineralisation and mechanical properties were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and nanoindentation. CPICs induced epitaxial crystal growth on the enamel surface, where the regrown enamel‐like apatite layers had a similar hardness and elastic modulus to natural enamel (p > 0.05). Acid resistance and anti‐aging properties were tested based on ion dissolution and surface roughness. CPICs exhibited similar calcium and phosphate ion dissolution to the control (p > 0.05), and its roughness decreased after thermocycling (p < 0.05), thereby decreasing the risk of enamel surface demineralisation. The minimum inhibitory concentration was 0.1 mg/ml, and the minimum bactericidal concentration ranged from 0.05 to 0.1 mg/ml. Overall, this biomimetic CPICs is a promising alternative to dental demineralisation.

Preparation and application of calcium phosphate nanocarriers in drug delivery

“…Besides, among them, the most ubiquitous form of CaP is HAp. The process of HAp is formed in a neutral to basic solution by the interaction of calcium ions and phosphate ions to form a precursor amorphous phase (ACP) composed of Ca/P ​= ​1.5 aqueous calcium phosphate (Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 · x H 2 O), forming a spherical (Ca 9 (PO 4 ) 6 ) Posner's cluster (PCs) dense accumulation, which binds to water at the gap to form larger spherical particles [ [17] , [18] , [19] ]. However, HAp also is one of the most stable phases that can be generated under physiological conditions [ 20 ].…”