Remembering of sentences by schizophrenic young adults.

Affect and Memory in Schizophrenia: Negative Emotion Words Are Forgotten Less Rapidly than Other Words by Long-Hospitalized Schizophrenics

“…The results confirm the hypotheses that, superimposed on the general memory deficit [1,2] observed in most schizophrenics, (a) long-hospitalized schizophrenic patients are characteristized by rapid rates of forget ting and (b) that the forgetting by these schizo phrenics (and possibly other schizophrenics) is more rapid for neutral and positive emotion than for negative emotion words. The first of these two findings could be expected on the basis of previous research using other neutral verbal materials [e.g.…”

“…The conclusions drawn were that long-hospitalized schizophrenics are charac terized by the rapid forgetting of verbal materials, and nega tive emotion materials are forgotten less rapidly by schizo phrenics than other materials. Organic and psychological fac tors may interact in producing these effects in long-stay but not in short-stay patients.It is well known that schizophrenics have memory deficits [1,2] which may represent the most significant neuropsychological prob lem in schizophrenia [e.g. 3].…”

Executive function in first-episode schizophrenia

“…This may also explain the discrepant performance on easy and difficult pairedassociate learning. Furthermore, studies which have manipulated encoding and recall strategies suggest that schizophrenic patients do not routinely implement efficient encoding and retrieval strategies (Koh, 1978 ;Traupman, 1980 ;McClain, 1983 ;Goldberg et al 1989). A different explanation is that the tests vary in the amount of cognitive effort required, and the schizophrenic group simply performed better on the easier tasks.…”

Event-related potential correlates of proactive interference in schizophrenic patients and controls

“…One major problem originated from the need to demonstrate differential impairments in schizophrenic patients over and above their general performance deficit~Blanchard & Neale, 1994;Goldberg, Weinberger, Berman, Pliskin, & Podd, 1987!. Evidence of differential impairment in neuropsychological functions is inconsistent: selective deficits were reported for recall as compared with recognition~Beatty, Jocic, Monson, & Staton, 1993;Calev, 1984;Goldberg, Weinberger, Pliskin, Berman, & Podd, 1989;Koh, 1978;McKenna et al, 1990;Saykin et al, 1991!, semantic memory~Calev, Venables, & Monk, 1983!, verbal learning and memory~Saykin et al, 1991!, perceptual organization~Knight, 1984!, visual-motor processing~Albus et al, 1996Saykin et al, 1991!, and visual memory~Saykin et al, 1991 Other studies, such as the one by Blanchard and Nealẽ 1994!, failed to uncover differential neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenic persons, both on individual tests and for the composite function scores used by Saykin et al~semantic memory, visual memory, abstraction, language, visual perception, motor ability, and somatosensory capacity!.…”