Executive function in first-episode schizophrenia

Hutton, Samuel B.; Puri, Basant K.; Duncan, L.-J.; Robbins, Trevor W.; Barnes, Thomas R. E.; Joyce, Eileen M.

doi:10.1017/s0033291797006041

Cited by 261 publications

(196 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…WM deficits show minimal cross-sectional correlations with severity of delusions and hallucinations, are detectable in clinically stabilized outpatients, and appear to be relatively stable across both time and fluctuations in clinical status, suggesting that they are not merely secondary manifestations of psychotic symptoms Hill et al 2004;Park et al 1999). They are also not secondary to antipsychotic medication side effects or factors associated with chronicity, as deficits of comparable magnitude are present in neuroleptic-free patients (Barch et al 2001;Carter et al 1996) and during the immediate post-onset period (Hutton et al 1998;Lussier and Stip 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verbal working memory impairments in individuals with schizophrenia and their first-degree relatives: Findings from the Consortium on the Genetics of Schizophrenia

Horan

Braff

Nuechterlein

et al. 2008

Schizophrenia Research

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Working memory (WM) impairment is a promising candidate endophenotype for schizophrenia that could facilitate the identification of susceptibility genes for this disorder. The validity of this putative endophenotype was assessed by determining whether 149 probands with schizophrenia and 337 of their first-degree relatives demonstrated WM impairment as compared to 190 unaffected community comparison subjects. Subjects were participants in the Consortium on the Genetics of Schizophrenia (COGS) project, a seven-site research network that was established to investigate the genetic Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Schizophrenia probands performed worse than the other groups on both tasks, with larger deficits found for the more challenging reordering WM task. The probands' relatives performed more poorly than community comparison subjects on both tasks, but the difference was significant only for the more challenging maintenance plus complex manipulation WM task. This WM impairment was not attributable to diagnoses of schizophrenia spectrum disorder, mood disorders, or substance use disorders in the relatives. In conjunction with evidence that WM abilities are substantially heritable, the current results support the validity and usefulness of verbal WM impairments in manipulation of information as endophenotypes for schizophrenia in large-scale genetic linkage and association studies. NIH Public Access

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verbal working memory impairments in individuals with schizophrenia and their first-degree relatives: Findings from the Consortium on the Genetics of Schizophrenia

Horan

Braff

Nuechterlein

et al. 2008

Schizophrenia Research

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“…In addition to the well-documented deficits in PPI and P50 suppression, the occurrence of impaired cognitive performance, especially working memory, is a robust finding in schizophrenia patients (Hutton et al, 1998;Weickert et al, 2000;Badcock et al, 2005). Moreover, it has recently been demonstrated that those healthy human volunteers exhibiting low levels of PPI also show impaired performance in specific cognitive tasks relying on prefrontal cortical functioning Bitsios et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haloperidol Differentially Modulates Prepulse Inhibition and P50 Suppression in Healthy Humans Stratified for Low and High Gating Levels

Csomor

Stadler

Feldon

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

102

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Schizophrenia patients exhibit deficits in sensory gating as indexed by reduced prepulse inhibition (PPI) and P50 suppression, which have been linked to psychotic symptom formation and cognitive deficits. Although recent evidence suggests that atypical antipsychotics might be superior over typical antipsychotics in reversing PPI and P50 suppression deficits not only in schizophrenia patients, but also in healthy volunteers exhibiting low levels of PPI, the impact of typical antipsychotics on these gating measures is less clear. To explore the impact of the dopamine D 2 -like receptor system on gating and cognition, the acute effects of haloperidol on PPI, P50 suppression, and cognition were assessed in 26 healthy male volunteers split into subgroups having low vs high PPI or P50 suppression levels using a placebocontrolled within-subject design. Haloperidol failed to increase PPI in subjects exhibiting low levels of PPI, but attenuated PPI in those subjects with high sensorimotor gating levels. Furthermore, haloperidol increased P50 suppression in subjects exhibiting low P50 gating and disrupted P50 suppression in individuals expressing high P50 gating levels. Independently of drug condition, high PPI levels were associated with superior strategy formation and execution times in a subset of cognitive tests. Moreover, haloperidol impaired spatial working memory performance and planning ability. These findings suggest that dopamine D 2 -like receptors are critically involved in the modulation of P50 suppression in healthy volunteers, and to a lesser extent also in PPI among subjects expressing high sensorimotor gating levels. Furthermore, the results suggest a relation between sensorimotor gating and working memory performance.

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“…The Stockings of Cambridge (SOC ; computerized version of Tower of London) task assesses planning and thinking and is thought to involve the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Patients with schizophrenia typically make fewer perfect solutions and more moves on the SOC task (Pantelis et al 1997 ;Elliott et al 1998 ;Hutton et al 1998 ;Tyson et al 2004 ;Braw et al 2008). The Cambridge Gamble Task (CGT) of decision making and impulsivity is sensitive to the integrity of orbitofrontal neuro-circuitry (Rahman et al 1999 ;Rogers et al 1999 ;Murphy et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The neuropsychology of the schizo-obsessive subtype of schizophrenia: a new analysis

et al. 2009

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Background. Interest in the neuro-cognitive profile of patients with schizophrenia and co-morbid obsessive compulsive disorder (schizo-OCD) is rising in response to reports of high co-morbidity rates. Whereas schizophrenia has been associated with global impairment in a wide range of neuro-cognitive domains, OCD is associated with specific deficits featuring impaired performance on tasks of motor and cognitive inhibition involving frontostriatal neurocircuitry.Method. We compared cognitive function using the CANTAB battery in patients with schizo-OCD (n=12) and a schizophrenia group without OCD symptoms (n=16). The groups were matched for IQ, gender, age, medication, and duration of illness.Results. The schizo-OCD patients made significantly more errors on a task of attentional set-shifting (ID-ED set-shift task). By contrast, no significant differences emerged on the Stockings of Cambridge task, the Cambridge Gamble Task or the Affective Go/NoGo tasks. No correlation emerged between ID-ED performance and severity of schizophrenia, OCD or depressive symptoms, consistent with neurocognitive impairment holding trait rather than statemarker status. Schizo-obsessives also exhibited a trend toward more motor tics emphasizing a neurological contribution to the disorder. Conclusion.Our findings reveal a more severe attentional set-shifting deficit and neurological abnormality that may be fundamental to the neuro-cognitive profile of schizo-OCD. The clinical implications of these impairments merit further exploration in larger studies.

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Executive function in first-episode schizophrenia

Cited by 261 publications

References 46 publications

Verbal working memory impairments in individuals with schizophrenia and their first-degree relatives: Findings from the Consortium on the Genetics of Schizophrenia

Verbal working memory impairments in individuals with schizophrenia and their first-degree relatives: Findings from the Consortium on the Genetics of Schizophrenia

Haloperidol Differentially Modulates Prepulse Inhibition and P50 Suppression in Healthy Humans Stratified for Low and High Gating Levels

The neuropsychology of the schizo-obsessive subtype of schizophrenia: a new analysis

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