Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of the Fremantle Back Awareness Questionnaire

Abstract

Study Design. Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric analysis. Objective. To develop the Turkish version of the Fremantle Back Awareness Questionnaire (FreBAQ-T) and to evaluate its psychometric properties. Summary of Background Data. There is a growing interest in the role that the disturbance of body perception may lead to long-lasting pain problems such as chronic low back pain (CLBP). The Fremantle Back Awareness Questionnaire (FreBAQ) is a simple and low-cost way of evaluating disturbed back awareness in people with CLBP. Methods. The FreBAQ was translated from English into Turkish using the forward-backward-forward method. One hundred four participants with low back pain completed the FreBAQ-T. The FreBAQ-T was repeated in 15 participants after 1 week to establish test-retest reliability. Although internal and external construct validity was investigated using Rasch analysis and Spearman correlation coefficient, respectively; reliability was evaluated in terms of internal consistency by Cronbach alpha and Person Separation Index. Results. All items of the FreBAQ-T were found to fit the Rasch Model (chi-square 6.17 [df = 9], P = 0.723). The internal construct validity was good, overall mean item fit residual was −0.305 (standard deviation: 0.369) and mean person fit residual was −0.290 (standard deviation: 1.349). The reliability was good with Cronbach alpha of 0.87 and Person Separation Index of 0.82. When the test-retest was examined via differential item functioning by time, none of the items showed differential item functioning. Conclusion. The FreBAQ-T is a valid, reliable, and unidimensional scale for patients with CLBP. This scale will allow assessing back-specific perception in the Turkish population with CLBP. Level of Evidence: 3

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the fremantle back awareness questionnaire into persian language and the assessment of reliability and validity in patients with chronic low back pain

“…The test–retest reliability coefficient for Persian version of FreBAQ was satisfactory, in line with the original (0.74)[ 30 ] and the other translated versions of Japanese, Turkish, and German (all ~ 0.8). [ 40 41 44 45 ] The ICC value found for the Persian version of FreBAQ indicates its stability over time.…”

“…The Cronbach's alpha of 0.74 was slightly higher compared to other translated versions. [ 40 41 44 45 ] Internal consistency reliability was used to assess the interrelationship among the questionnaire items. High Cronbach's alpha indicates the homogeneity of Persian FreBAQ items measuring the same construct.…”

“…[ 31 ] The lack of floor and ceiling effects found for Persian FreBAQ was comparable to Japanese and German versions. [ 40 45 ] The Dutch[ 41 ] and Turkish[ 44 ] versions had not reported the floor and ceiling effects.…”

“…This finding was consistent with the original,[ 30 ] German,[ 40 ] and Dutch[ 41 ] versions of the FreBAQ. The Turkish[ 44 ] and Japanese[ 45 ] versions have not evaluated the discriminant validity.…”

“…Dutch version of the FreBAQ showed no significant correlation between the pain score and disturbed body perception,[ 41 ] while the original and other translated versions demonstrated significant relationships. [ 30 40 44 45 46 ] The original version measured average pain intensity over the past week. [ 46 ] The Japanese and Turkish versions assessed pain in rest and motion.…”