Relative abundance of enterovirus serotypes in sewage differs from that in patients: clinical and epidemiological implications

Hovi, Tapani; Stenvik, Mirja; Rosenlew, Marita

doi:10.1017/s0950268800058982

Cited by 60 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This period of the year is, in fact, marked by a high degree of humidity associated with elevated temperatures, two climatic factors which have been reported as facilitating enterovirus transmission (Druyts-Voets, 1997). It is also known that NPEV isolation varied with season in temperate climates with the occurrence of NPEV infections during the summer and autumn, in comparison with tropical climates where these viruses are isolated throughout the year (Hovi et al, 1996;Nairn & Clements, 1999).…”

Section: Npev Isolation Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…They cause a wide variety of clinical diseases, especially in children, most of them being mild or asymptomatic, but serious illnesses may occur, such as viral meningitis, paralysis, pericarditis and myocarditis. Other illnesses with chronic course, such as type I diabetes mellitus, have also been associated with enterovirus infections (Hovi et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enteroviruses in Tunisia: virological surveillance over 12 years (1992–2003)

Bahri

Rezig

Nejma-Oueslati

et al. 2005

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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This report is an overview of enterovirus epidemiology in Tunisia during a 12-year period from 1992 to 2003. A total of 4700 clinical samples were collected as part of the national poliovirus surveillance programme and the routine diagnostic programme for aseptic meningitis. Enterovirus detection was performed by isolation on cell culture according to World Health Organization recommended protocols. Serotype identification was performed by seroneutralization of the cytopathic effect using pools of specific antisera and sequencing in the VP1 region of the genome. Poliovirus isolates were assessed for their wild or vaccine-related origin by standard World Health Organization recommended methods (PCR, probe hybridization and ELISA). The results confirm the interruption of wild poliovirus circulation since 1995. A total of 236 non-polio enterovirus (NPEV) strains were isolated; seroneutralization allowed typing of 93 % (219 out of 236) of them. The antisera used allowed the identification of the most common enterovirus serotypes. The remaining 17 isolates were sequenced; 16 of them belonged to enterovirus serotypes that were not targeted by the antisera pools used. A total of 29 different serotypes of NPEV were detected in the country during the study period. Echoviruses of serotypes 6, 11 and 30 were the most frequently isolated, almost every year; other serotypes had a cyclic occurrence and others were detected during a limited period with very few isolates. The NPEV isolation rate varied from year to year but was steadily under 10 %, suggesting a relatively low prevalence of these viruses in comparison to that in other developing countries. A seasonal variation was also noted; the high transmission period starts in March and peaks in September-November. This study is the first report of the epidemiology of NPEV in Tunisia. These viruses are associated with various diseases and epidemiological data may help to clarify their impact on human health.

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Section: Npev Isolation Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enteroviruses in Tunisia: virological surveillance over 12 years (1992–2003)

Bahri

Rezig

Nejma-Oueslati

et al. 2005

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…The endemic and epidemic viruses vary annually and also between different areas, and are often found in sewage, surface water and seawater [11][12][13][14]. Human enteroviruses are mostly restricted to humans but several of them have occasionally been detected also in animals [15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between the incidence of type 1 diabetes and maternal enterovirus antibodies: time trends and geographical variation

et al. 2005

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Aims/hypothesis: We have previously observed an inverse correlation between the incidence of type 1 diabetes and enterovirus infections in the background population. The aim of this study was to analyse whether maternal enterovirus antibody status, which reflects both the frequency of enterovirus infections and the protection conferred by the mother on the offspring, also correlates with the incidence of type 1 diabetes. Methods: Maternal enterovirus antibodies were analysed from serum samples taken from pregnant women between 1983 and 2001 in Finland and Sweden using enzyme immunoassay and neutralisation assays. Comparable samples were also taken between 1999 and 2001 in countries with a lower incidence of diabetes (Estonia, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Lithuania, Russia). Results: A clear decrease was observed in maternal enterovirus antibody levels over the past 20 years (p<0.0001). The frequency of enterovirus antibodies was higher in countries with a low or intermediate incidence of type 1 diabetes compared with high-incidence countries (p<0.0001). Conclusions/interpretation: These findings are in line with our previous observations supporting the hypothesis that a low frequency of enterovirus infection in the background population increases the susceptibility of young children to the diabetogenic effect of enteroviruses.

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“…Such knowledge may help in the control of diseases [Mcintyre and Keen, 1993;Hovi et al, 1996;Muir, 1998]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterovirus meningitis in Brazil, 1998–2003

Santos

Skraba²,

Oliveira

et al. 2005

Journal of Medical Virology

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Acute viral infections of the central nervous system (CNS) such as acute flaccid paralysis, meningitis, and encephalitis, are responsible for a high morbidity, particularly in children. Non‐Polio enteroviruses (NPEV) are known to be responsible for over 80% of viral meningitis in which the etiologic agent is identified. In the present study, we show the frequency of enterovirus meningitis in Brazil from December 1998 to December 2003. Enterovirus were isolated from 162 (15.8%), of a total of 1,022 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens analyzed. Echovirus 30 was identified in 139 of these isolates (139/162–85.2%). Other identified enteroviruses were: Coxsackievirus B5 (3.7%), Echovirus 13 (3.7%), Echovirus 18 (3%), Echovirus 6 (1.2%), Echovirus 25 (1.2%), Echovirus 1 (0.6%), and Echovirus 4 (0.6%). Patients's age ranged from 28 days to 68 years old. The most frequent symptoms were fever (77%), headache (69.5%), vomiting (71.3%), neck stiffness (41.3%), convulsion (7.1%), and diarrhea (3.7%). Although, the majority of the patients recovered without any complication or permanent squeal, five deaths occurred. Throughout the surveillance period, five viral meningitis outbreaks were confirmed: four in the Southern Brazil and one in the Northeast Brazil. Echovirus 30 was responsible for four out of the five outbreaks while Echovirus 13 caused the fifth one. Besides the outbreaks, 734 sporadic cases were also identified during the study period and 59 of these were positive for virus isolation (8%). Echovirus 30 accounted for 70% of the isolates. Our results showed that Echovirus 30 was the most prevalent etiological agent of viral meningitis in Brazil, causing both outbreaks and sporadic cases. J. Med. Virol. 78:98–104, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, inc.

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Relative abundance of enterovirus serotypes in sewage differs from that in patients: clinical and epidemiological implications

Cited by 60 publications

References 12 publications

Enteroviruses in Tunisia: virological surveillance over 12 years (1992–2003)

Enteroviruses in Tunisia: virological surveillance over 12 years (1992–2003)

Relationship between the incidence of type 1 diabetes and maternal enterovirus antibodies: time trends and geographical variation

Enterovirus meningitis in Brazil, 1998–2003

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