Relative Abundance and Distribution of Insect Pests, Ants and Other Components of the Cocoa Ecosystem in Papua New Guinea

Room, P. M.; Smith, E. S. C.

doi:10.2307/2401716

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In agroforestry system tree creates the shade condition for the understory agricultural crop causing highest insect population and varied their feeding activity. The finding of this study is in agreement with those of Room andSmith, (1975), Risch, (1981) and Jaques, (1983). For successful cultivation of rice under tree canopy, the selection of tree species is, therefore, very important.…”

Section: Leaf Roller (Cnaphalocrocis Medinalis)supporting

confidence: 91%

Infestation of insect pests in tree-rice agroforestry system

2006

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The prevalence of insect pests was studied on rice BR11 (mukta) as understory crop grown in association with 11 years old selected tree species viz, Akashmoni, Jhau and Albida in the field laboratory of the Department of Agroforestry, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh during the period from July to December, 2003. Among the three species Albida and Jhau possessed the largest canopy and there light penetration rate were high. On the other hand, Akashmoni had the lowest canopy but it penetrated low amount of light. Albida-rice association showed the lowest infestation of major rice insects followed by Jhau-rice association, while Akashmoni-rice association showed the highest insect infestation. Light intensity in the control plot (absent of tree species) was maximum and it caused minimum severity of insects infestation as compared to other associations. From the result it appeared that light interception has the relationship with insect population in rice. Therefore, tree species having sparse canopy which allowed easy penetration of sunlight is suitable for tree-rice agroforestry system.

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Section: Leaf Roller (Cnaphalocrocis Medinalis)supporting

confidence: 91%

Infestation of insect pests in tree-rice agroforestry system

2006

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“…The similarities of the results obtained by us with those described for the eastern T. plagiata (Weddell, 1930;Szent-Ivany, 1956, 1961Szent-Ivany and Catley, 1960;Catley, 1963;Dun, 1967;Hassan, 1972;Baker, 1974;Room and Smith, 1975;Ooi 1982), indicate that T. grandirena can potentially become a key pest of several crops in Brazil and other warm regions of the Americas. Although our study did not allow us to encounter natural enemies, Janzen and Hallwachs (2009) mentioned Lespesia aletiae Riley, 1879 (Tachinidae) and an unidentified species of Sarcophagidae as parasitoids of T. grandirena.…”

Section: Larval Development On Several Host Plantssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Such information, combined with previous records of host plants (Bruner et al, 1945;Specht et al, 2004;Janzen and Hallwachs, 2009) indicates that T. grandirena is highly polyphagous, like T. plagiata (Weddell, 1930;Szent-Ivany, 1956, 1961SzentIvany and Catley, 1960;Catley, 1963;Dun, 1967;Hassan, 1972;Baker, 1974;Room and Smith, 1975;Ooi 1982).…”

Section: Larval Development On Several Host Plantsmentioning

confidence: 81%

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Biological aspects of Tiracola grandirena (Herrich-Schäffer, 1868) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): a polyphagous armyworm

et al. 2014

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We studied the biology of Tiracola grandirena (Herrich-Schäffer, 1868) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Hadeninae) at 25 ± 1 °C, 70 ± 10% RH and 14 hours of photo phase. Three experiments, using 150 larvae each, were conducted for the larval stage. In the first, used to assess the duration and survival of all stages, insects were reared individually and fed an artificial diet (Grenee). In the second, individuals were also reared separately, but were fed leaves of 10 plants from different families. In the third, the larvae were not individualised, the food plants were rotated such as to provide three plant species every 48 hours. In the first experiment, the viability of the eggs, larvae, pupae and prepupae was 91.9, 94.7, 32.49 and 43.5%, respectively. The average duration of the egg, larvae, prepupae, pupae and adult were 6.0, 25.3, 25.7, 21.4 and 12.7 days, respectively. The prolonged prepupal period indicates that T. grandirena can develop larval (prepupal) diapause. The results of the experiments with different host plants showed that T. grandirena is polyphagous at species, population and individual level.Keywords: caterpillar, developmental biology, prepupal diapause, Hadeninae. Palavras-chave: lagarta, biologia do desenvolvimento, diapausa prepupal, Hadeninae. Aspectos biológicos de

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“…2.3 Examples of alternate host-associated negative effects of PSD Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) grown under Leucaena shade suffered more from attacks of defoliating Lepidoptera than when it was grown under certain forest tree species because the pests were able to use Leucaena as an alternative food source (Room and Smith 1975). The same was true in the case of Moniliophthora roreri, the fungal pathogen which causes frosty pod rot disease in several species of the genera Theobroma and Herrania, including Theobroma bicolor and T. cacao (Evans et al 2003) (Fig.…”

Section: Examples Of Positive Effects Of Introducing Psdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant species diversity for sustainable management of crop pests and diseases in agroecosystems: a review

Ratnadass

Fernandes

Avelino

et al. 2011

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

563

329

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Farmers are facing serious plant protection issues and phytosanitary risks, in particular in the tropics. Such issues are food insecurity, lower income in traditional lowinput agroecosystems, adverse effects of pesticide use on human health and on the environment in intensive systems and export restrictions due to strict regulations on quarantine pests and limits on pesticide residues. To provide more and better food to populations in both the southern and northern hemispheres in a sustainable manner, there is a need for a drastic reduction in pesticide use while keeping crop pest and disease damage under control. This can be achieved by breaking with industrial agriculture and using an agroecological approach, whose main pillar is the conservation or introduction of plant diversity in agroecosystems. Earlier literature suggest that increasing vegetational biodiversity in agroecosystems can reduce the impact of pests and diseases by the following mechanisms: (1) resource dilution and stimulo-deterrent diversion, (2) disruption of the spatial cycle, (3) disruption of the temporal cycle, (4) allelopathy effects, (5) general and specific soil suppressiveness, (6) crop physiological resistance, (7) conservation of natural enemies and facilitation of their action against aerial pests and (8) direct and indirect architectural/ physical effects. Here we review the reported examples of such effects on a broad range of pathogens and pests, e.g. insects, mites, myriapods, nematodes, parasitic weeds, fungi, bacteria and viruses across different cropping systems. Our review confirms that it is not necessarily true that vegetational diversification reduces the incidence of pests and diseases. The ability of some pests and pathogens to use a wide range of plants as alternative hosts/reservoirs is the main limitation to the suppressive role of this strategy, but all other pathways identified for the control of pests and disease based on plant species diversity (PSD) also have certain limitations. Improving our understanding of the mechanisms involved should enable us to explain how, where and when exceptions to the above principle are likely to occur, with a view to developing sustainable agroecosystems based on enhanced ecological processes of pest and disease control by optimized vegetational diversification.

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Relative Abundance and Distribution of Insect Pests, Ants and Other Components of the Cocoa Ecosystem in Papua New Guinea

Cited by 28 publications

References 13 publications

Infestation of insect pests in tree-rice agroforestry system

Infestation of insect pests in tree-rice agroforestry system

Biological aspects of Tiracola grandirena (Herrich-Schäffer, 1868) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): a polyphagous armyworm

Plant species diversity for sustainable management of crop pests and diseases in agroecosystems: a review

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