Relationships of Age and Sex with Cytokine Content and Distribution in Human Platelet Fibrin Gels

Abstract

We aimed to determine relationships between age and sex with cytokine content and distribution in human platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) gel. Rabbit PRF was harvested from whole blood (n = 6). Human PRF was collected from 36 healthy volunteers (1:1 men:women) without systemic diseases and not current undergoing medical treatment. Histological analysis and optical microscopy were used to assess the three-dimensional structure of the PRF network. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, quantification of adenosine triphosphate, and bioluminescence imaging of PRF sections were used to assess cytokine and entrapped platelet distribution. Three-dimensional structures of fibrin networks revealed concentration gradients of the platelet-derived growth factor beta beta homodimer and the transforming growth factor-beta 1. Histological analysis of PRF sections (from the red blood cell end to the plasma end of a clot) showed a gradual increase in average porosity, most prominently in PRF clots from young and middle-aged men and women, and a decrease in compactness along the longitudinal axis of the PRF gel. The end of the PRF gel closest to the red blood cell layer is the essence of the PRF clot, and the ability to generate platelets depends on sex and age in humans.

Cytokine and Growth Factor Delivery from Implanted Platelet-Rich Fibrin Enhances Rabbit Achilles Tendon Healing

“…Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a second-generation platelet concentrate derived from autologous blood obtained immediately after centrifugation but without anticoagulant supplement [13,14]. This self-scaffolding PRF gel is a three-dimensional (3D) fibrin biomaterial containing a high concentration of growth factors, including TGF-β, BMP-2, IGF-1, and PDGF [15,16]. Unlike PRP, which needs additional scaffolding for tissue in situ transplantation, PRF is a strictly autogenous fibrin-based biomaterial that enables the local and progressive delivery of growth factors, which can be used to enhance tissue healing and regeneration [17].…”

Platelet-Rich Fibrin–Augmented Gap-Bridging Strategy in Rabbit Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair

“…From the translational perspective, PRF is more natural and bioactive than collagen or fibrin because PRF contains anabolic cytokines that are sustainably released as the fibrin meshwork gradually degrades. 2,3,28,47,52,61 In contrast to platelet-rich plasma (PRP) gels, which generally exhibit a burst-release profile for growth factors and fast-degrading structural properties, 14,27 PRF is released sustainably over a period of weeks, as reported previously. 27,61 As illustrated in Figure 3, A and B, we noted that the structural integrity of PRF was largely preserved throughout 12 days of culture, indicating that PRF degrades gradually, aiding tissue healing.…”

Uso de la Fibrina Rica en Plaquetas Inyectable (i-PRF) en Defectos Infra Óseos en Terapia Periodontal no Quirúrgica. Reporte de Dos Casos

“…Algunos autores reportan un efecto negativo de la edad en el resultado del concentrado obtenido en términos de concentración de citoquinas (Bai et al, 2018), pero de todas maneras contribuye a un mejor escenario en donde la reparación se lleva a cabo, situación del caso 2. La versión inyectable del L-PRF posee una versatilidad que la membrana no tiene, lo que permite su uso como irrigación del saco periodontal, reemplazando a la tradicional clorhexidina, con propiedades bactericidas conocidas sobre los patógenos periodontales, pero también con efectos citotóxicos sobre fibroblastos y células endoteliales, por mencionar algunas células del huésped afectadas (Fabbro et al, 2016).…”