“…phthalate exposure, air pollution, high temperature), lifestyle (e.g. obesity; smoking), infection, fever, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and ageing have been related to SDF (Evenson et al, 2000(Evenson et al, , 2020Jurewicz & Hanke, 2011;Jurewicz et al, 2009;O'Flaherty et al, 2008;Rubes et al, 2007;Schmid et al, 2007;Wyrobek et al, 2006). However, extrinsic factors' potential adverse effect is not universal, suggesting that genetic predisposition gives some individuals the ability to metabolise toxic products with increased efficiency (Chengyong et al, 2012;Evenson & Wixon, 2005;Rubes et al, 2007).…”