Relationships between stages of change in cigarette smokers and healthy lifestyle behaviors in a population of young military personnel during forced smoking abstinence.

Abstract

This study examined the relationship between smoking status and weight change from baseline to Year 7 in a large biracial cohort, the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study. Unadjusted for covariates, only male smokers weighed less than nonsmokers, with no effect among women. Adjusted for covariates, male and female smokers weighed less than nonsmokers at baseline, adjusted for age, total energy intake, alcohol intake, and physical fitness. Over the 7-year follow-up, all smoking status groups gained weight, including continuous smokers and initiators. Weight gain was greatest among those who quit smoking. Weight gain attributable to smoking cessation was 4.2 kg for Whites and 6.6 kg for Blacks. Smoking had a small weight-attenuating effect on Blacks. No such effects, however, were observed among Whites. These results suggest, at least in younger smokers, that smoking has minimal impact on body weight.

Risk of suicide and related adverse outcomes after exposure to a suicide prevention programme in the US Air Force: cohort study

“…While this is a concern, there is substantial value in examining such a setting. According to the theory of diffusion of innovations developed by Rogers and Shoemaker,9 individuals and communities who are first to implement novel interventions are designated as “early adopters.” Though the Air Force community represents a select population, its development of community based suicide prevention is in keeping with its tradition of early implementation of public health innovations 10. Moreover, by studying this more stable population we were able to eliminate key confounders for risk of suicide, such as socioeconomic status and access to health care.…”

The Pediatrician's Role in Reducing Tobacco Exposure in Children

“…For instance, stage of change was a significant predictor of smoking cessation in a recent large populationbased study in young adults. 61 The physician should determine the parent's stage of readiness for change and offer an intervention that is appropriate for that specific stage. The various stages of change for smokers are: precontemplation, a stage in which the smoker is not thinking about quitting and has no intention of quitting smoking within the next 6 months; contemplation, a stage in which the smoker is thinking about quitting, perhaps in the next 6 months, but has not taken any steps toward quitting; preparation, the stage in which the smoker is planning to quit within 1 month; action, the stage in which the smoker has successfully quit smoking for at least 24 hours; and finally, maintenance, a stage in which the smoker has quit smoking for at least 6 months.…”

Young woman smokers gain significantly more weight over 2-year follow-up than non-smokers. How Virginia doesn't slim

“…Prospective repeated-measures studies indicate that adults who show persistent smoking gain less weight over time than persistent non-smokers (e.g., Klesges et al, 1998; Mozaffarian, Hao, Rimm, Willett, & Hu, 2011; Rasmussen, Tynelius, & Kark, 2003), but we were unable to locate any prospective studies that tested whether baseline smokers show significantly less future weight gain than non-smokers followed over the same period. This is important because by excluding individuals who quit smoking during the follow-up, the repeated measures studies may produce misleading information about whether smoking is associated with significant reductions in future weight gain.…”

“…This is important because by excluding individuals who quit smoking during the follow-up, the repeated measures studies may produce misleading information about whether smoking is associated with significant reductions in future weight gain. Given that many smokers quit on a lasting or temporary basis, and smoking cessation has been consistently associated with subsequent weight gain (Dennis et al, 2000; Flegal et al, 1995; Klesges et al, 1998; Williamson et al, 1991), excluding those who quit or attempt to quit may erroneously suggest that smokers are at lower risk for future weight gain. We therefore think it important to test whether baseline smokers gain less weight over time than baseline non-smokers, as the results could have significant public health implications.…”

“…It is particularly important to investigate this research question among female college students because they are much more likely to report smoking for weight control purposes than other populations (Klesges et al, 1998), the smoking rate for college students is 66% higher than that of the general population (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2009; Rigotti, Lee, & Wechsler, 2000), and few studies have investigated this population (Simmons & Brandon, 2007). Indeed, young adults aged 18-24 represent the age group with the highest smoking prevalence in the US (Freedman, Nelson, & Feldman, 2012).…”