Relationship of salivary CD14 concentration with dental caries in young children

Abstract

BackgroundDental caries is a chronic disease among children and there is need for studies assessing the caries risk factors using saliva. This study aimed to evaluate the association of salivary soluble CD14 and dental caries in young children.Material and MethodsA cross-sectional study was done among 300, 3-6 year old school children of Udupi district. A total of 40 children who were caries free, with no past systemic illness or craniofacial anomalies and 40 children with dental caries with no history of dental treatment for caries, with no past systemic illness or craniofacial anomalies were included in control and test groups respectively. Salivary CD14 was evaluated using ELISA test.ResultsThe mean salivary soluble CD14 concentration was significantly higher in caries free (1.34±0.35 µg/ml) children than caries experienced (0.54±0.36 µg/ml) (p<0.001). There was significant strong negative correlation between number of decayed teeth and soluble salivary CD14 (r = -0.868, P< 0.001) among all the children. Similarly, sub-group analysis of caries experienced children also showed significant strong negative correlation between number of decayed teeth and soluble salivary CD14 (r = -0.774, P<0.001).ConclusionsResults obtained in our study suggested that salivary CD14 can be a indicator of dental caries in young children. Key words:Caries, CD14, Children, Saliva.

Relationship between CD14 and IgA Levels with the Early Childhood Caries Event Children Age 3–5 Years

“…Saliva plays a role in maintaining oral health and homeostasis because it has immunological and non-immunological content [16], [17]. Every change in salivary protein composition plays an important role in the etiology of oral disease and development of dental caries [17].…”

“…Every change in salivary protein composition plays an important role in the etiology of oral disease and development of dental caries [17]. The immune system in children develops with age and becomes more sensitive to various microbiota and different antigens [16].…”

“…Differences in sCD14 levels in the ECC and caries-free groups indicate the role of the innate immune system in the oral cavity. sCD14 plays an important role in the initiation of the immune response by recognizing several microbial products, such as LPS, endotoxins, and peptidoglycan, which are the main components of Grampositive and Gram-negative bacteria [16]. SCD14 levels can be used as caries biomarkers and help in monitoring or evaluating effectiveness of karyostatic treatment [23].…”

“…The protein along with the glycoprotein contained in saliva protects oral tissue. Changes in salivary protein can result in changes in flora in the oral cavity that can lead to caries formation [16]. The absence of CD14 in saliva can be a potential biomarker of caries [17].…”

sCD14 Level in Saliva of Children and Adolescents with and without Dental Caries, a Hurdle Model

“…Some Authors observed a significant rise in salivary sCD14 in patients affected by dental caries [12]. Conversely, other studies indicated higher sCD14 levels in healthy subjects [13][14][15]. These conflicting findings highlight the need for further studies on large sample sizes to define the reliability of sCD14 as a biomarker for the detection of carious lesions.…”