Relationship of physical fitness, hormone replacement therapy, and hemostatic risk factors in postmenopausal women

Abstract

Relationship of physical fitness, hormone replacement therapy, and hemostatic risk factors in postmenopausal women. J Appl Physiol 98: 1341-1348, 2005. First published December 10, 2004 doi:10.1152/ japplphysiol.00622.2004.-This cross-sectional study evaluated the relationship of physical fitness, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and hemostatic profiles at rest and after an acute bout of maximal exercise in 48 healthy postmenopausal women. Subjects were categorized by fitness and HRT user status into four groups: unfit nonusers, fit nonusers, unfit users, and fit users. Fibrinolytic variables tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity, and antigen and prothrombin fragment 1 ϩ 2, a molecular marker of in vivo thrombin generation, were measured before and after maximal exercise. Fibrinogen was also measured at rest. Higher tPA and lower PAI-1 activities (P Ͻ 0.05) were seen in HRT users and fit groups. tPA and PAI-1 antigens were lower in HRT and fit groups (P Ͻ 0.05) but not after correction for body mass index. Prothrombin fragment 1 ϩ 2 was lower in the fit groups regardless of HRT status (P Ͻ 0.05). Fibrinogen was similar in all groups. Favorable hemostatic profiles were observed in physically fit compared with unfit women, especially in HRT nonusers. Thus fitness is more strongly related to these hemostatic risk factors compared with HRT since HRT did not affect these hemostatic variables in fit postmenopausal women.

Coagulation, fibrinolytic and cytokines parameters response to weight reduction in obese subjects

“…As disorders of coagulation and fibrinolysis have a great contribution in obesity related cardiovascular disorders (18,19). We found that weight loss program improves the parameters of systemic inflammation along with amelioration of coagulation disorders in obese subjects, our findings were in line with many previous studies.…”

Fibrinolytic markers and vasodilatory capacity following acute exercise among men of differing training status

“…Both acute and chronic aerobic exercise have been eVective in eliciting improvements in Wbrinolytic potential, with increases in t-PA activity and decreases in PAI-1 activity levels (Stratton et al 1991, Szymanski et al 1996. Those who are classiWed as being more active, with high Wtness levels, generally have a greater Wbrinolytic response to acute exercise than their less Wt counterparts (DeSouza et al 1998;Szymanski et al 1996Szymanski et al , 2005Szymanski et al , 1994.…”

A one-year randomized double-blind, multicentre study to evaluate the effects of an oestrogen-reduced, continuous combined hormone replacement therapy preparation containing 1 mg oestradiol valerate and 2 mg dienogest on metabolism in postmenopausal women

“…This complex pattern of changes in activation and deactivation in the haemostatic cascade has been described by many authors [25][26][27][28] ; however, no consistent picture is available yet. Acs et al 29 have recently carried out a meta-analysis comprising data from 6119 women on HRT and 24,974 non-users.…”