Relationship between the mode of conception and depressive symptoms during the first 6 months post‐partum in Japan

Abstract

PurposeTo determine whether conventional treatment and assisted reproductive technology for infertility are associated with depressive symptoms and to identify the predictors of depressive symptoms during the first 6 months' post‐partum.MethodsA prospective cohort design was used, with the participants being recruited from 13 Japanese hospitals. Using self‐report questionnaires, a total of 2709 women (response rate: 71.9%) provided longitudinal data at five time points: during their hospital stay and at 1, 2, 4, and 6 months' post‐partum. The depressive symptoms were measured by using the Japanese version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). A logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between the mode of conception and depressive symptoms and to identify the predictors of the depressive symptoms.ResultsThere was no significant association between the mode of conception and the depressive symptoms at any time point. Six factors that were associated with the EPDS score were first‐time childbirth, emergency cesarean delivery, infant feeding, financial burden, having a male infant, and dissatisfaction with social support.ConclusionThere was no significant relationship between the mode of conception and depressive symptoms. Nursing care should be based on individual assessments that focus on parity, the delivery method, infant feeding method, financial burden, the infant's sex, and social support, rather than on the mode of conception.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Postpartum Depression in Women: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis

“…However, these findings indicated that pregnant women with a history of depression or depression during pregnancy might The current meta-analysis revealed that pregnant women giving birth to boys were at higher risk of PPD than women giving birth to girls. Previous studies supported our meta-analysis findings on the increased risk of PPD when pregnant women give birth to boys (Mori et al, 2018;Pampaka et al, 2019). However, one other meta-analysis of the sex of the baby and the risk of PPD showed that women giving birth to a girl was associated with a higher risk of developing PPD than those giving birth to a boy (Ye Furthermore, as Hall and Holden reported (Hall & Holden, 2008), they examined cognition, emotion and postnatal women's situation and found that mothers whose babies were boys had more negative appraisals.…”

Does the Mode of Conception Influence Early Postpartum Depression? A Prospective Comparative Study from South India

“…They observed that there was no significant association between the mode of conception and the depressive symptoms at any time point. 16 Similarly, a prospective cohort study done by Jane Fisher among 1,179 women in Australia through telephone interviews and self-report postal questionnaires found no association between mode of conception and postpartum depression. 17 A web-based study conducted by Pietro et al among 3,823 mothers observed that conception after IVF is not associated with maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy or postpartum.…”

“…9 In our study, partner support was not significantly influencing the early postpartum depression as the immediate primary caregivers for mothers are better in Indian culture following delivery, whereas it might influence at a later part of the postpartum period where mothers are expected to return to their husband's family. 16,22 A study done by Tendais et al found no change in postpartum anxiety score between mothers who conceived spontaneously versus postinfertility treatment group with regard to multiple births of the baby. Our study is consistent with their result.…”

“… 19 Our study result is consistent with that of previous studies where the mode of conception did not influence postpartum depression. 16 – 20 …”

“…19 Our study result is consistent with that of previous studies where the mode of conception did not influence postpartum depression. [16][17][18][19][20] In India, boys are preferred over girls, due to the belief that boys can take over the family as a leader contributing to the economic prosperity of the family. Morizummi (2008) found that the majority of the couple had a balance gender preference towards daughter and sons.…”