Aim:The current systematic review aimed to present the pooled estimated prevalence and risk factors of PPD.Background: Postpartum depression seriously affects the physical and mental health of the mother and child. However, high-quality meta-analysis is limited, which restricts the screening and intervention of postpartum depression. Design:A systematic review and meta-analysis.Methods: Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched for cohort and case-control studies investigating the prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression from inception to December 31st, 2020. Meta-analyses were performed to identify postpartum depression prevalence and risk factors using a random-effects model. Results:Of the 33 citations evaluated, 27 reported the prevalence of postpartum depression in 33 separate study populations containing 133,313.subjects. Pooled prevalence in all studies was 14.0% (95%CI, 12.0%-15.0%).The prevalence varied according to country (from 5.0% to 26.32%) and developing countries, especially China, have a high prevalence of postpartum depression.The following risk factors were associated with postpartum depression: gestational diabetes mellitus(OR = 2.71, 95%CI 1.78-4.14, I 2 = 0.0%), depression during pregnancy(OR = 2.40, 95%CI 1.96-2.93, I 2 = 96.7%), pregnant women give birth to boys(OR = 1.62; 95%CI 1.28-2.05; I 2 = 0.0%), history of depression during pregnancy(OR = 4.82, 95%CI 1.32-17.54, I 2 = 74.9%), history of depression(OR = 3.09, 95%CI 1.62-5.93, I 2 = 86.5%) and epidural anaesthesia during delivery(OR = .81, 95%CI .13-4.87, I 2 = 90.1%). Conclusions:The prevalence of postpartum depression seems to be high, especially in developing countries. Gestational diabetes mellitus, depression during pregnancy, pregnant women give birth to boys, history of depression during pregnancy, history of depression, epidural anaesthesia during delivery were identified as risk factors for postpartum depression. Understanding the risk factors of PPD can provide the healthcare personnel with the theoretical basis for the patients' management and treatment.

BackgroundThe Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) is widely cultivated in China for nut production. This plant also plays an important ecological role in afforestation and ecosystem services. To facilitate and expand the use of C. mollissima for breeding and its genetic improvement, we report here the whole-genome sequence of C. mollissima.FindingsWe produced a high-quality assembly of the C. mollissima genome using Pacific Biosciences single-molecule sequencing. The final draft genome is ∼785.53 Mb long, with a contig N50 size of 944 kb, and we further annotated 36,479 protein-coding genes in the genome. Phylogenetic analysis showed that C. mollissima diverged from Quercus robur, a member of the Fagaceae family, ∼13.62 million years ago.ConclusionsThe high-quality whole-genome assembly of C. mollissima will be a valuable resource for further genetic improvement and breeding for disease resistance and nut quality.

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Auxin/indoleacetic acid (Aux/IAA) proteins play an important regulatory role in the developmental process of plants and their responses to stresses. A previous study has shown that constitutive expression of OsIAA18, an Aux/IAA transcription factor gene of rice improved salt and osmotic tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. However, little work is known about the regulatory functions of the OsIAA18 gene in regulating the abiotic stress tolerance of rice. In this study, the OsIAA18 gene was introduced into the rice cultivar, Zhonghua 11 and the OsIAA18 overexpression in rice plants exhibited significantly enhanced salt and drought tolerance compared to the wild type (WT). Moreover, overexpression of OsIAA18 in rice increased endogenous levels of abscisic acid (ABA) and the overexpression of OsIAA18 in rice plants showed hypersensitivity to exogenous ABA treatment at both the germination and postgermination stages compared to WT. Overexpression of OsIAA18 upregulated the genes involved in ABA biosynthesis and signaling pathways, proline biosynthesis pathway, and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging system in the overexpression of OsIAA18 in rice plants under salt and drought stresses. Proline content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) activities were significantly increased, whereas malonaldehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and superoxide anion radical (O2–) content were significantly decreased in the transgenic plants under salt and drought stresses. Taken together, we suggest that OsIAA18 plays a positive role in drought and salt tolerance by regulating stress-induced ABA signaling. The OsIAA18 gene has a potential application in genetically modified crops with enhanced tolerance to abiotic stresses.